People in the Enlightenment

Olympe de Gouges

-Published Declaration of the Rights of Women and the female citizen in 1791

-An advocate of women’s rights

John Locke

• Two traties of Government 1680s

• Social contract is necessary to ensure order(sacrificing some indivual freedom for state protection)

• Natural Rights- right to life, liberty and property

• if government failed to protect natural rights, then people had the right to rebel

Adam Smith

Held that laws or supply and demand determind what happens in marketplace

Baron de Montesque

• The spirit of laws 1748

• Idea of separating government powers

• 3 equal branches: Legislative (makes laws), Executive (enforce laws), Judicial (interpret and judged when violated)

Voltaire

• Political sature Cadide 1659

• Admired ideas of religious liberty and freedom of the press

• “I disapprove what you say, but I will defend to the death your rught to say it”

• FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND RELIGION (due to being French and witnessing religious conflicts such as the edict of nantes that protected religious freedom of protestants in france being revoked)

• Didn’t advocate for change in government

Jean Jacques Rousseau

• The Social Contract 1762

• “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains”

• Sovereignty rested with the people-had the right to remove an opressive governmenr and replace with one devoted to the common good

Thomas Hobbes

• Leviathan 1651

• Believed absolute monarchy was vested because without it, there would he chaos (justifying James II or Charles i dont remember lol)

• The social contract (political) should he formed where the people give up natural rights to a monarch who would ensure order and peace

• Give up freedom for order

Denis Diderot

• ed of Encyclopedie 1751

• 28 volumes with 3,000 pages and illustrastions-covered everything known about science, tech and history

• Criticized the Church and government and praised religious tolerance

Enlightenment

1600s-1700s

a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century.

Movement towards human progress and change

Leaders if this intellectual movement regarded their purpose as leading the world toward progress snd out of a long period of dobtful tradition, which was full of irrationality, superstition, and tyranny

Sovereignty

Supreme power over a group of people politically organized under a single political authority