19th Century Perspectives and Political Development

Flashcards on 19th Century Perspectives and Political Development

Nationalism

A byproduct of the Industrial Revolution, presenting dangerous implications on European populations.

Crystal Palace

In Britain, it was a show of power and economic strength, providing a sense of pride in their nation.

Zollverein

A customs union that united the German people economically and was a step towards political unification.

Anti-Semitism

Increased as a reaction to the rising Zionist movement; Jewish populations were not accepted and seen as outsiders.

Dreyfus Affair

An instance of anti-Semitism in reaction to the rising Zionist movement. It occurred in France.

Pogroms

An instance of anti-Semitism in reaction to the rising Zionist movement. It occurred in Eastern Europe.

Dual Monarchy

Established in Austria to avoid the country breaking apart due to rising Hungarian nationalism.

Crimean War

A result of rising nationalist sentiments in Russia, opposed by the Ottomans, French, and British.

Imperialism

A contributor to Nationalism; larger empires increased pride in the population.

Italian Nationalism

Rose from Mazzini’s movement of Young Italy, which led a failed revolution in 1830.

Cavour

Industrialized Piedmont and Sardinia, enlisting French support to fight Austria and unite the northern Italian states.

Garibaldi

United the southern Italian states using guerilla warfare, ceding them to Victor Emanuel.

Prussia

Led the unification of Germany through military actions, with Bismarck creating common enemies to unify the people.

Frederick William the Great Elector

Elected in the 17th century to lead a unified Prussian Military.

Realpolitik

Bismarck's policy where all state decisions were based on what would benefit the state.

Ems Telegram

Edited by Bismark to instigate the Franco-Prussian War, uniting the northern and southern German states against France.

Industrial Revolution

Increased the need for raw materials and markets, leading to the Imperialist movement in Europe.

Opium Wars

Wars between Great Britain and China resulting from the British desire for tea and silk from China.

Sepoy Rebellion

Arose out of damaging effects of British Imperialism in India

Boer Wars

Took place in South Africa, a result of The Great Boer Trek.

Berlin Conference

Allowed European countries to divide up Africa without consideration for the existing populations.

Social Darwinism

The belief, spread by Herbert Spencer, that Imperialism was acceptable because it was the survival of the fittest society.

The White Man's Burden

Rudyard Kipling's rationale that it was the job of the Europeans to civilize the people of Africa and Asia.

Imperialism

Occurred primarily in Africa and Asia, for the benefit of the European country as a whole.

Colonialism

Occurred primarily in the Americas, for the benefit of the individuals living in the colonies.

Heart of Darkness

Novel by Joseph Conrad criticized the treatment of Africans at the hands of imperial powers.

Positivism

Belief that everything needed to have scientific proof, a threat to the religious hold that Christianity had on Europe.

Relativism

Derived from positivism, the belief that we all have different perspectives and truths; there is no universal truth.

Irrationalism

Nietzsche's attack on Christianity, arguing that people are controlled by their own passion, not by God.

Psychoanalysis

Freud's belief that people are controlled by their subconscious and not by rational choice.

Romanticism

Evident in Fransisco Goya’s “The Third of May.

Impressionism

Artwork style that blurred images that were created evident in Claude Monet's pieces.

Post-Impressionism

Artwork style that played with the movement through brush strokes evident in Vincent Van Gogh's pieces.

Cubism

Artwork style that played with dimensions and angles to portray objects evident in Pablo Picasso's pieces.