Chapter 11

John Quincy Adams

President of the United States, 1825-1829, and Son of President John Adams

Andrew Jackson

War hero who lost the presidential election of 1824 despite having more votes than the winner

Henry Clay

Speaker of the house of representatives, ran for president in 1924, appointed by John Quincy Adams as a secretary of stateNa

National Republicans

Political party formed by Adams and his followers

Democrats

Political party formed by Jackson and his followers

Slogans

A catchy phrase to attract attention

Voting Rights

The laws that tell who can vote and when; the civil right to vote

Jacksonian Democracy

A political movement that celebrated the common man and defended the will of people, named for president Andrew Jackson

Spoils System

The practice of rewarding political backers with government jobs

Agrarian

Related to agriculture or farming

Tariff of Abominations

The term used by southerners to refer to the Tariff of 1828 because it stirred feelings of disgust and hatred

John C. Calhoun

Former vice president and senator from South Carolina who supported the doctorate of nullification

Doctrine of Nullification

The idea a state could nullify federal law they believed unconstitutional

Webster-Hayne Debate

A US senate debate over nullification

Daniel Webster

US senator from Massachusetts who oppose nullification

Robert Y. Hayne

US senator from South Carolina who supported nullification

Secession

The act of formally withdrawing from an organization, a nation, or any other group in order to be independent

Treason

The crime of aiding the enemy of one’s nation or plotting to overthrow one’s nation; the act of being disloyal to one’s nation

Assimilate

To adopt the culture or way of life of the nation in which one currently lives; to become absorbed in a culture or country

Sequoya

Cherokee who developed a writing system and began publishing newspapers

Indian Removal Act

A law that ended the U.S. government’s earlier policy of respecting the rights of Native Americans to remain on their land

Indian Territory

The area of land in present-day Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska to which Native Americans were forced to migrate

Inflation

A decrease in the value of money that causes an increase in the price

Nicholas Biddle

President of the bank of the United States

Veto

To formally reject a law passed by Congress

Panic of 1837

The widespread fear of a failing economy that caused the beginning of a U.S. economic recession that lasted until 1840

Depression

A period of slow economic activity

Martin Van Buren

Eighth President of the United States 1837-1891

Whig Party

A political party form to oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson

William Henry Harrison

Ninth President of the United States, 1841. The first president to die in office

John Tyler

Tenth President of the United States, 1841-1845. The first president to take office upon the death of William Henry Harrison

Seminole

A tribe of Native Americans who refused to leave their lands near the Everglades

Everglades

A large wetlands region in southern Florida

Osceola

Seminole leader who led an attack against American soldiers

Truce

An agreement to stop fighting

Black Hawk

Sauk Leader who lead his people back to their lands in Illinois where they were meant to stay

Abraham Lincoln

A young captain who served during a Blackhawk war

John Ross

Cherokee chief who tried to negotiate with the US government to keep tribal land

Winfield Scott

Led US troops to remove the Cherokee people from their land

Trail of Tears

The route the Cherokees and other Native Americans took during their forced migration from the southeast United States to Oklahoma