Unit 12 - Basics of chemistry

Organic chemistry is the study of all substances containing

Carbon

The branch of chemistry that deals with products without carbon is called

Inorganic chemistry

What term refers to anything that occupies space, has physical and chemical properties, and exists in a solid, liquid, or gas form?

Matter

Everything known to exist in the universe is either made of matter or _______, which does not occupy space or have mass

Energy

Substances that cannot be reduced to simpler substances are called

Elements

What is the basic unit for matter that cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means?

Atom

when two or more atoms are joined together chemically a _______ is created

Molecule

What is an example of an elemental molecule?

Ethyl alcohol

A new substance formed by chemically combining two or more atoms of different elements is known as a _______

Compound

All matter exists in one of the three different physical forms: solid, liquid, and ______

Gas

When one chemical changes its state of matter, the change is called a ________

Physical change

What type of change occurs when ice melts and becomes water?

Physical

When a substance gains oxygen, the substance is _________

Oxidized

Redox is also known as ________

Oxidation-reduction

A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or oxygen is added to a substance is called a ________

Reduction reaction

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound is known as a _______

Reducing agent

A combination of substances that are held together by physical rather than chemical ties is known as a __________

Physical mixture

What is made when salt is dissolved in water?

Solution

In creating a solution, the liquid used to dissolve a substance is called the _________

solvent

Because it has the ability to dissolve more substances than any other solvent, _________ is known as a universal solvent

Water

Liquids that mix easily are known as ________

Miscible

Nail polish containing glitter is an instable physical mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid, which is known as an ________

Emulsion

A mixture of two or more substances that are united with the aid of a binder is a ______

Suspension

Substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify are _______

Surfactants

The head of a surfactant molecule is ______, meaning water-loving

Hydrophillic

The tail of a surfactant is ________ meaning oil-loving

Lipophillic

What is a special type of oil used in nail polish dryers and as a skin protectant?

Silicone

The separating of a substance into ions is known as

Ionization

Only products that contain ________ can have a pH

Water

Pure water with a pH of seven is considered to be

Neutral

A product with a pH of 8.9 is considered

Alkaline

Another name for alkaline is

bases

When acids and alkalis are mixed together in equal proportions, they ________ each other

Neutralize