Question Bank

Give an example of referred pain

angina pectoris

The applying of stimulus for longer and longer periods of time and loss of conscious awareness of that stimulus is called

adaptation

Inadequate oxygenation of the heart muscle resulting in pain being referred to the chest wall and left shoulder is called

angina pectoris

Calipers were used in what lab test

two point threshold test

_______ react to stimulus in the external environment

exteroceptors

Name one stimuli that general sense receptors react to

heat/pain

A proprioceptor that is found around tendons is called?

golgi tendon organ

Reflux of gastric juice into the esophagus causing a sensation of intense discomfort in the thorax is referred to as

heartburn

_____ react to stimuli arising within the body

interoceptors

The specialized muscle cells that are found wrapped in sensory nerve ending of the muscle spindle proprioceptors are called

intrafusal cells

A proprioceptor that is found around skeletal muscle cells is called

muscle spindle

The process by which the brain refers sensations to their usual point of stimulation is called?

projection

______ respond to internal stimuli, of the skeletal muscles, tendons/joints, ligaments, and connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles

proprioceptors

The non uniform and clustered locations of general sense receptors is called?

punctate distribution

The sensory experience called ______ causes the perception of pain to appear in one area of the body when in fact another area is being stimulated

referred pain

A sensory experience in which pain is perceived as arising in one area of the body when another area is receiving pain stimulus is called

referred pain

Changes in the body or the external environment, "Irritants", stimuli cause _______ to react

sensory receptors

Name one of the special senses

smell/taste/vision

Changes in the body or the external environment, "irritants" that cause sensory receptors to react are called

stimuli

The ability to determine which portion of skin has been touched is called

tactile localization

The lab test using the test tube and pencil was used to test what?

depth perception

Name 2 cutaneous (skin) sensations studied in lab

pain/pressure

Sensory receptors act as ______, changing environmental stimuli into afferent nerve impulses

transducers

In lab, the test in which calipers are used to distinguish when one sharp point or two are perceived as distance between the ends of the calipers are changed is called

two-point threshold

The smallest distance at which two points of contact can be felt is called?

two-point threshold

Define presbyopia

loss in lens elasticity overtime (causes reading difficulty)

Define cataracts

development causes the lens to become increasingly hard and opaque

Define accommodation

ability of the eye to focus on objects closer than 20ft

The ability of the eye to focus differently for objects of near vision & 6m (20 feet) is called?

accommodation

In the accommodation pupillary reflex test done in the lab, what was the reaction of looking and focusing at a distant object and then focusing at a very close object by the pupils?

pupil dilation & constriction

The ______ chart was used in the lab to show irregularities in curvature of the lens/cornea

astigmatism

______ is blurred vision caused by irregularities in the curvature of the lens or cornea

astigmatism

A test result of 20/15 is better or worse than normal vision

better

Predators have what type of vision?

binocular

Name one depolarizing cell found in the sensory layer/tunic

bipolar

What is the function of the ciliary glands?

eyeball lubrication

The _____ lens is used to correct the myopic/nearsighted eye

concave

The photoreceptor cells called _____ are responsible for color vision

cones

What is conjunctivitis?

conjunctiva inflammation

what is the medial rotation of the eyes called?

convergence

In the convergence reflex test done in the lab, what was the reaction of looking and focusing at a distant object and then focusing at a very close object by the eyes?

eyes converged after switching from a distant to close object

The _____ lens is used to correct the hyperopic/farsighted eye

convex

Name one part of the fibrous tunic/layer labeled "A" with the blue tape

cornea

What do the extrinsic muscles allow the eye to do?

eyeball movement

Name one of the 2 groups of muscles responsible for eye reflexes

intrinsic/extrinsic muscles

The ____ is the part of the eye that is examined when using the opthalmascope

retina

What eye disorder is caused by compression of retina/optic nerve?

glaucoma

Name one of the non-depolarizing supporting cells found in the retina

horizontal cells

Which specific type of lens is used to correct hyperopia?

convex lens

Define Hyperopia

farsightedness, image is focused behind retina

______ is the general name of the involuntary muscles that are responsible for changes in both the lens curvature and pupillary size

intrinsic muscles

_______ is the specific name of the color plates used to test for color blindness in lab

ishihara color plates

Name of constituent of the lacrimal apparatus

lacrimal sac

what do the lacrimal glands produce?

tears

what is the function of the lacrimal sac?

drains tears into nasolacrimal duct

Optic tract fibers will synapse with what part of the brain?

lateral geniculate body of the thalamus

Fibers from which eye are found in the left optic nerve?

left eye (medial & lateral fiber)

Fibers from which eye are found in the left optic tract?

Medial fibers from right eye and lateral fibers from left eye

What is the cause of presbyopia?

elasticity loss of the lens over time

What is the function of the lysozyme?

kill bacteria

which specific type of lens is used to correct myopia?

concave lens

Define Myopia

nearsightedness, image is focused in front of retina

Closer in children and young adults and farther with old age, the _______ is the closest distance an object can be focused on clearly

near point of accommodation

Which fibers coming from the eyes cross in the optic chiasma?

medial optic fibers from both eyes cross

What causes glaucoma?

optic nerve compression from impaired aqueous humor drainage

Fibers/axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus will branch into the

optic radiation

Prey tends to have what type of vision?

panoramic

The _____ reflex is observed by sudden illumination of the retina by bright light causing the pupil to constrict in direct proportion to light intensity

photopupillary

What accompanies conjunctivitis in the eyeball?

redness

What is the bending of light upon passing from one substance to another called?

refraction

Light bending power of the cornea, lens, or vitreous humor is called its

refractive index

Name one part of the sensory tunic/layer of the eye

retina

Fibers from which eye is found in the right optic nerve?

right eye (medial & lateral)

Fibers from which eye(s) are found in the right optic tract?

medial fibers from the left eye & lateral fibers from the right eye

The photoreceptor cells called _____ are responsible for dim light vision

rods

What is the function of the scleral venous sinus?

reabsorbs aqueous humor

The ______ chart is used to measure visual acuity

snellen

What is a sty?

bacterial infection of the ciliary glands

What do the tarsal glands produce?

meibum, an oily substance to lubricate the eye

What are the tears comprised of?

dilute salt solution with lysozymes

Name one part of the vascular tunic/layer of the eye

choroid

The Snellen chart was used to test _____

visual acuity

The branched optic radiations will terminate in which region of the brain?

primary visual cortex

A test result of 20/40 is better or worse than normal vision

worse

Define: Presbycusis

the gradual loss in the ability to hear high tones and speech sounds (comes w/ aging)

Which hearing test done in lab used a ticking clock?

hearing acuity test

The enlarged region at the base of each semicircular canal is called?

ampulla

What is the device used in the audiometry test?

audiometer

Define: Audiometry

test that determines hearing acuity using ranges of sound stimuli

The lab test for equilibrium that spun a subject quickly and halted them abruptly to see nystagmus is called

barany test

What do the ceruminous glands produce?

ear wax

The _________ consists of a tuft of hair cells covered with a gelatinous cap

crista ampullaris

It is thought that high pitched sounds peaked on the basilar membrane close to the ______

oval window

The gelatinous cup of the crista ampularis is called the ______

cupula

It is thought that low pitched sounds peaked on the basilar membrane close to the

round window

It is thought that high pitched sounds peaked on the basilar membrane close to the ______

oval window

Found on the walls of the saccule and the utricle, the _______ consists of hair cells embedded in an otolithic membrane and otholiths

maculae

The crista ampullaris of the semicircular canals are responsible for the perception of what type of equilibrium, dynamic or static?

dynamic

The maculae of the saccule and the utricle are responsible for the perception of what type of equilibrium, static or dynamic?

static

in this condition, if large amounts of pus or fluid accumulate in the middle ear cavity, an emergency procedure called _______ may be used to relieve the pressure

myringotomy