A group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth, or region of origin
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Isolate
A language that is unrelated to any other known language
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Language branch
A collection of languages within a language family that share a common origin and separated from other ______s in the same family several thousand years ago
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Language groups
Languages within a language branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap
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Dialect
A variation of a language distinguished by pronunciation, rapidity of speech, word choice, and spelling
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Cognate
Words found in different languages that have similar meaning and a shared descent from a common ancestor
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Universalizing religions
A religion that tries to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone
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Christianity
A universalizing religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ that began in what is now the West Bank and Israel around the beginning of the common era and has spread to all continents
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Islam
A universalizing religion based on the teachings of Muhammad that originated in the hearth of Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh century
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Buddhism
The oldest universalizing religion, which arose from a hearth in northeastern India some time between the mid-sixth and mid-fourth centuries B.C.E. and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, called the Buddha
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Sikhism
The newest universalizing religion; founded by Guru Nanak, who lived from 1469 to 1539, in the Punjab region of northwestern India
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Ethnic religions
A religion that is closely tied with a particular ethnic group living in a particular place
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Hinduism
An ethnic religion that arose a few thousand years ago in South Asia and is closely tied to India
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Judaism
The world’s first monotheistic religion, which developed among the Hebrew people of Southwest Asia about 4,000 years ago
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