Review of Cell Biology and Genetics

These flashcards summarize key concepts from Cell Biology and Genetics, focusing on definitions and important terms related to cell structures, processes, and theories.

Mitochondria

Organelles present in all eukaryotic cells responsible for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation.

Gregor Mendel

Scientist known for conducting pea plant experiments to study heredity.

Necrosis

Process of cell death that can be caused by physical injuries, leading to loss of function in organs or tissues.

Mitosis

Cell division process that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell.

Meiosis

Cell division process that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the number of chromosomes.

Intracellular communication

Occurs via chemical signals that propagate within the cell.

Extracellular communication

Involves signals that transmit between cells, often for coordination of tissue functions.

Lysosomes

Organelles responsible for digesting and recycling cellular substances.

Skeletal muscle cells

Muscle cells that contract and relax to enable movement and perform metabolic functions.

Homozygous vs. Heterozygous

Homozygous individuals have two identical alleles for a gene, while heterozygous individuals have two different alleles.

Apoptosis

Process of programmed cell death important for tissue homeostasis and can influence repair and regeneration processes.

Cell Membrane

Structure that maintains cellular homeostasis and regulates the traffic of substances in and out of the cell.