Three Phases of Cell Signaling

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6 Terms

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A. Reception

What occurs during the reception phase of cell signaling?

A signal molecule (ligand) binds to a receptor embedded in the cell membrane

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What property governs ligand-receptor binding?

Complementary shape

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B. Signal Transduction

What is signal transduction?

The conversion of the initial signal into another form that can act inside the cytoplasm and often amplifies the signal

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How does a receptor begin signal transduction?

By interacting with membrane proteins to produce a second messenger

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What is a second messenger?

A molecule that relays the signal from the membrane into the cytoplasm or nucleus

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C. Cellular Response

Where can the signal ultimately act?

In the cytoplasm by activating enzymes or in the nucleus by activating genes