Plant Propagation: Lecture 0 & 1

Lecture 0-1.... and counting

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I

shoot apex, blade, petiole, lateral bud, node, internode, stem, taproot system, root hairs

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I

cuticle, epidermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma, xylem, guard cells, stoma, vascular bundle, phloem

A, B, C, D, E< F, G, H, I

epidermis, cork, cork cambium, cortex, phloem, xylem, pith, vascular cambium, vascular bundle

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I

epidermis, cortex, pericycle, endodermis, casparian strip, root hairs, xylem, phloem, vascular cambium

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J

cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, ribosome, nucleus, nucleolus, chloroplast, plasmodesmata, mitochondria

keeps the “guts” in the cell

plasma membrane

90% of cell volume; used as storage

vacuole

liquid of the cell

cytoplasm

where translation takes place in the cell

ribosome

where transcription takes place in the cell

nucleus

where ribosomal DNA and assembly takes place in the cell

nucleolus

where photosynthesis takes place in the cell

chloroplast

used for communication between cells

plasmodesmata

where respiration takes place in the cell

mitochondria

Reproduction of plants

propagation

gametes from two parents; unique offspring

sexual reproduction

clone of parent; no genetic diversity

asexual reproduction

two types of asexual reproduction in animals

division and parthenogenesis

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA

4 molecules of DNA

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

How are DNA molecules grouped?

AT and GC

What makes up the double helix of DNA?

reading and coding strands

process of using RNA polymerase to convert DNA to RNA in the nucleus

transcription

what the coding strand starts with

ATG

RNA replaces Thymine (T) in the DNA strand with _______.

Uracil

T/F RNA is a single strand

true

Two protections from degradation

5 cap and 3 poly A tail

G hooked on backwards to front of RNA strand

5 cap

about 200 A nucleotides attached to the end of an RNA strand

3 poly A tail

Where does RNA processing end?

cytoplasm

process of using ribosomes to turn RNA into protein in the cytoplasm

translation

ribosomes read mRNA for codons. Each codon codes for…

amino acids

tRNA have _____ that delivers amino acids to correct ribosome.

anticodons

How many amino acids are there?

20

How to the string of amino acids turn into proteins?

folding onto itself

start of RNA

AUG methionine

Stop examples for RNA

UAG, UUA, UGA