Raine et al. (1997)

What was the primary aim of Raine et al. (1997) study?

To investigate whether dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, and amygdala is more prevalent in murderers than in non-murderers.

What sample size was used in Raine et al. (1997) study?

The study involved 41 murderers and 41 non-murderers.

What are the key weaknesses regarding the generalizability of the study?

The murderers were a unique group, all pleading not guilty for reasons of insanity, which does not represent typical murderers. Additionally, the sample was androcentric with only two female murderers.

What controls were implemented in the study's design?

Participants were matched on age, gender, and history of schizophrenia, and were free from medication for two weeks prior.

What does internal validity refer to in the context of Raine's study?

Internal validity refers to how well the study controlled extraneous variables to show a cause and effect relationship between being a murderer or non-murderer and aggression.

What procedure was followed during the PET scan in Raine's study?

Participants were injected with a radioactive glucose tracer, performed a Continuous Performance Task (CPT) for 32 minutes, then underwent a PET scan.

What was found regarding glucose metabolism in murderers vs non-murderers?

Murderers had lower glucose metabolism in the prefrontal cortex, with readings of 1.14 compared to 1.18 in non-murderers.

What are the implications of Raine et al. (1997) findings?

The findings suggest the need for early interventions for individuals with