Kidney Function and Electrolyte Imbalances

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to kidney function and electrolyte imbalances.

Hypocalcemia

A condition resulting from inadequate intestinal absorption, massive blood administration, decreases in PTH and vitamin D levels, leading to increased neuromuscular excitability and muscle spasms.

Hypercalcemia

A condition characterized by excessive calcium levels in the blood, often resulting from hyperparathyroidism, bone metastases, or excess vitamin D, leading to fatigue, weakness, and potential cardiac arrest.

Phosphate

An essential ion involved in energy transport as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and required for oxygen delivery; its balance is influenced by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D.

Oliguria

A condition of reduced urine output, often indicating kidney dysfunction or damage.

Constipation

A frequent manifestation of electrolyte imbalances such as hypercalcemia.

Neuromuscular excitable

Increased excitability of muscles and nerves, often noted in conditions of electrolyte imbalance like hypocalcemia.

Tetany

A symptom of hypocalcemia characterized by muscle spasms and cramps.

Kidney damage

A serious condition that can result from prolonged electrolyte imbalances, leading to symptoms like weakness and bladder dysfunction.

Calcium's role in the body

Calcium is crucial for bone structure, blood clotting, hormone secretion, and muscle contraction.

Hyperparathyroidism

A condition causing elevated PTH levels which can lead to hypercalcemia.

Hypophosphatemia

A condition due to decreased phosphate levels, resulting from malabsorption or increased renal excretion.