study guide for Lab Exam2

Kinetic energy

the component of energy due to its motion. and depends on mass and velocity

how does velocity effect KE when your double speed

KE gets four times bigger

How does velocity effect KE when you Half speed

KE gets four times smaller

GPE

is the energy that an object has due to its interaction in a gravitational feild

classical mechanics

Gravitational potential energy does not depend on the motion of an object, but instead, only position or change in position of the object with respect to the field

Conservation of mechanical energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change from one form to another (in an ideal system, when a box is sliding down a ramp, it turns to KE)

momentum and what effects it

an object that has more mass has more momentum. if an object is moving faster it has more momentum. Momentum is also a vector.

Momentum and the relationship with velocity

this is a linear relationship, if the object moves twice as fast, its momentum increases by a factor of two.

what is impulse

the change in momentum of an object

momentum conservation if there is no external force

heavy objects- tiny speed change

light objects- large speed change

torque

the tendency of a force to cause rotation

What happens when the net torque on an object is zero

The object is in a state of rotational equilibrium- rotational equilibrium is still possible even when there are multiple forces applied on the object

rotational inertia

the tendency for an object to resist rotation

angular momentum

the product of rotational inertia and angular velocity

Angular velocity

The rate that the angle of an object changes due to its spinning (rad/s)

what happens to angular momentum when inertia is doubles

reduces the angular velocity of the system to 1/2

Hookes law

states that stretch of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force on it.

the K constant in the spring equation

the higher the K value, the stiffer the spring

what is the relationship between time and frequency

when period doubles, the frequency is halved

amplitude

the max displacement form equilibrium

standing wave has fixed ends they are characterized by

nodes (crossing point of wave), antinodes (high point), and troughs (low point)

wavelength

The distance in space of one cycle of the wave is measured from crest to crest and trough to trough.

Harmonics

1st harmonic: ½ wavelength on string

2nd harmonic: 1 full wavelength

inc harmonic number- inc frequency and wavelength gets shorter

wave speed

hwo fast a wave travels away from the source that caused it

lab 7 Impulse and momentum

We collided a cart with a hoop on a force sensor and measured the velocity both before and after the collision. We calculated the momentum and compared it to the value of impulse from the plot of force vs time

Lab 8 torque and angular momentum

grabbed a meter stick and put two different weights on it. The distance was adjusted until it was in equilibrium. We found the theoretical location of the second object by summing the torques due to the two objects. We also calculated the theoretical angular velocity.

Lab 9 simple harmonic motion

First, we determined the spring constant of a spring by measuring the stretch for different loads of mass. Then we plotted the weight of the load vs the stretch. This made the slope equal to the spring constant k. Next, we determined the period of the spring for an object with mass m. We compared the measured values of the period to the theoretical value

Lab 10 standing waves

We made our standing wave by tying one end of a string to a vertical rod and the other end to a hook on a speaker. We varied the frequency sent to the speaker make standing waves on the string