Mass Spectroscopy and Organic Chemistry Review

These flashcards cover key concepts, reactions, and important procedures discussed in the student's chemistry lecture notes.

What is the purpose of Mass Spectroscopy in organic chemistry?

To analyze the mass and structure of chemical compounds.

What occurs during the ionization process in Mass Spectroscopy?

A beam of energy ionizes the molecule, converting it from neutral to cation.

What are the rules of fragmentation in Mass Spectroscopy?

1. Break at branching points. 2. Alkenes cleave to form alkyl cations. 3. Rings resist cleavage. 4. Molecules with heteroatoms cleave C-C bonds next to heteroatoms. 5. Small stable molecules like CO and H2O are eliminated.

What reagent is used to remove HCl in the electrophilic aromatic substitution of aniline?

Saturated NaHCO3.

What does ice cold acetone do in the experimental procedures?

It dissolves unwanted starting materials.

How is a reflux process characterized in chemical reactions?

By heating a chemical reaction while cooling the vapor produced back into liquid form.

What is the importance of equivalent proportions of reagents in reactions?

To ensure maximum yield and desired product formation.

What happens if less than 2 equivalents of benzaldehyde are used in a reaction?

You would get an incomplete reaction product.

What can be inferred from a melting point analysis of a product?

A lower and wider melting point range indicates impurity in the product.

What are common loss numbers in Mass Spectroscopy?

• 15 (CH3), - 18 (H2O), - 28 (CO), - 29 (CH2CH3), - 31 (OCH3), - 43 (C3H7), - 44 (CO2), - 45 (OCH2CH3), - 46 (NO2), - 57 (C4H9).

Why must aluminum chloride be protected from exposure to air?

Because it reacts with moisture in the air, which can lead to undesirable reactions.

What role does water play in aldol condensation reactions?

It helps remove sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from the reaction.

What does the term 'slurry' refer to in organic chemistry?

A physical mixture that includes solid particulates suspended in a liquid.

What is a drying agent used in the study of organic reactions?

CaCl2; it is used to remove moisture from organic solvents.

What happens in esterification when water is present?

Water reacts with acetic anhydride to form a carboxylic acid.

What is the function of a Pasteur pipette in experiments?

To remove vapor during the evaporation or condensation processes.