2/10/25 - life in nazi germany test

what were the 4 claims nazis strived to achieve

• reudce unemployment

• germany to become self suffiencet as an autarky

• preapre fro war/rearm

• control workers

who were the 2 nazi financial mninisters

schat and goering

schat wasin office from ___ till ___

1933→1936

goering in offcie from __ - __

1936-1939

what kind of gaols did georing have

long term

what kind of goals did schat have

short term

what did the new plan emphaise

recovery from depression and estblishment of new jobs to reduce unemployment

employment numbers by 1933

6 million

why was the new plan established

• germany was in trade defict 

  • importing more than it was exporting 

    • meant it was losing money

• began running out/ using up all of gold and foregin currency inwhich was vital to gather raw materials in preperartion for rearmament

  • couldnt do that w/o money

• hence, germany neeeded to assert control and remanage trade to gain back its losses and afford to rearm

when was new economic plan establihed

1934

polcieis of new plan

• limited imports - therefore minimising the amount they’d spent

• used batering with trading countries personalised to their needs eg: e.g. Hungary exchanged butter,

  vegetable oil, fodder and raw materials for

  industrial products in 1934

  • allowed germany to gain nessecary foregin resources whilist minimising financial losses

why did nazis reduce unemployment

• it would keep working popualtion happy

  • largets voting party so it was essential in keeping them happy to allow nazis to gain more votes - increase image

• nazis used slogan: work and bread 

  • promised pay, employment and food if hitler was elected

• wanted support of workers to prevent future oppposition

unemployment policies by nazis

• RAD - reich labour service

  • established in 1933

  • compulsyr for all men between 18-25 to spend 6 months working, later that year,

  • miliatry conscirption was also introduced in 1935

  • workers wore unifroms and resided in camps near workplaces

  • were provided food, shelter and clothing - free

  • low wages/pocket money

  • still agve sense of purpose

  • mainly worked on construction sites and ground keepers eg: olympic staidum and autobahn

• publci work schemes

  • also establsihed in 1933

  • workers would construct new public facilities adn transport netwroks (eg schools adn railways)

  • 100,000 people employed - quickened employment

  • manual labour was enocuraged as it prodcud more jobs comapred to machnery

• rearmamnet

  • more jobs in factoires/ industries that prodouced arms and tanks adn military equipment

  • created thousands of jobs in both indurtsy and mines - eg coal mines, textiles, prodcution factoies

  • miliatry conscirption was also introduced in 1935

  • men in army rose from 100,000 in 1935 to 1,400,000 by 1939

  • remarment was a 2 birds with one stone

    • increase employmetn

    • while also preparing for war

    • accomplishing 2 of the nazis gaols

• invisible unemployemnt

  • unemployemnt figures didnt incldue

    • women

    • jews

    • part time workers

  • therefore not completety trustworthy as it doenst shown the complete extent

pubic work schemes fucntion

• publci work schemes

  • also establsihed in 1933

  • workers would construct new public facilities adn transport netwroks (eg schools adn railways)

  • 100,000 people employed - quickened employment

  • manual labour was enocuraged as it prodcud more jobs comapred to machnery

RAD schemes

• RAD - reich labour service

  • established in 1933

  • compulsyr for all men between 18-25 to spend 6 months working, later that year,

  • miliatry conscirption was also introduced in 1935

  • workers wore unifroms and resided in camps near workplaces

  • were provided food, shelter and clothing - free

  • low wages/pocket money

  • still agve sense of purpose

  • mainly worked on construction sites and ground keepers eg: olympic staidum and autobahn

rearmamnet schemes

• rearmamnet

  • more jobs in factoires/ industries that prodouced arms and tanks adn military equipment

  • created thousands of jobs in both indurtsy and mines - eg coal mines, textiles, prodcution factoies

  • miliatry conscirption was also introduced in 1935

  • men in army rose from 100,000 in 1935 to 1,400,000 by 1939

  • remarment was a 2 birds with one stone

    • increase employmetn

    • while also preparing for war

    • accomplishing 2 of the nazis gaols

4 yr plan 1936 composed of

• prepare 4 war within 4 years. - hence 4 year plan

• ww1 british navy bockade restricted access for germany to food and materials

• hwoever the new plan would overcome this by allowing germany to become self sufficent in materials needed for war via local production

economci problems that have arised by 1936

Problems by 1936: ​

• Rising prices​

• Lower living standards​

• Food shortages​

aim of 4 year plan

long term, tehrefore make germany self sufficnet via autarky

list opposition groups

• eldewiess pirates

• white rosse group

• communists

• the church

• swing youth

• army

• jewish reistsance

• religous protests

how did eldiweisss pirates oppose nazis

• reblled against fahsion norms

• anti nazi leaflets

• vandalised property

• beat up youth memebers of nazi party

• jazz music

• just didnt comply or conform to supression

how did swing youth oppose nazis

• prefered americna culture

• disobery fashion norms and restirctions

• didntc onfrom

• played foregin music

• challenged nazi ideals

• rebelled agaisnst their policies

white rose group oppose nazis how

• anti nazi leaflets

• vandalised property

• uni protests to spread message and help make people aware of the unjust done to the jews

how did army oppose nazis

• july bomb plot / op. vakeryie

• attempted assination of hitler

• didnt kill him but he did become seriously injured and paranoid

• 5000 of those who conspired with stauffenberg executed and arrested

how did communists oppose nazis

• distrubuted antinazi leaflets but pro communists

• protest against nazis and promote own ideals

• refuse to comply

• attempted t sabotage factories, trasnporatation and infastructure to showcase distain

• secretely organised reisstance against nazis - udnergound

how did jewish reisstance oppose nazis

• aided jews in escaping

• acts of sabtoage against infastructure, transport networks

• ghetto uprisinings - fight back against cruetly

• some supplied weapons and food to jews in ghettos - risking thier lives

indoctrination

teach the beliefs without force

nazi children expected to be…

• compliant to regime ideals

• fit and athletic for boys

• a good mother and cook for girls

differences between boys and girls education

• boys 

  • SERVE country thru conscirpion and military

• girls

  • motherhood 

  • being a suitable owmen for marriage

girls couldnt learn beside boys as

they would become distractions

hwo were teachers controled

• firing anyone who was disloyal or opposed ideals

• students permitted to denunciate teachers

• perosnally inspected by nazi officals

changes to ciriculum the nazis implemtned included

• history

  • leanr about tov, vicitmise germant and military

• eugenics

  • girls to leanr ab motherly duties

• maths

  • anatagonsie mintorieis in practcie questions

what league were the teachaers mandated to join

german teachers league

tetxtbooks were written by whom

nazis

exceptional students were sent to ___ schools, to train them to become nazis ___

special

leaders

how did nazis regulated circiumlum

• change all to fit into ideals, sacked all teachers who refused to teach it

youth gorups only permitted ___ children to join

aryan

how did the hitler youth prepare boys for its aims

aim to train boys to be soldiers and partcipate in military

• wear miliatry style uniform

• 1939 mandated partcipation (ww2 outbreak)

• key skills

  • shooting, figthing, knife throwing, fire arms

  • rigous physical actviity

how did the league of german maidens prepare girls for its aims

aims to prepare girls for motherhood

• courses on domestic skills eg cooking, cleaning, sewing

• limited physical actviity but enough to keep fit

beliefs that nazis and churhc had in common

• agreed that communsim was a threat

• piroitisation of family

beliefs that nazis and churhc DID Not have in common

• nazis glrfified violence and supression while church prefered love and forgivnesss

• weak and vulnerable shouldnt be helped - nazis 

• believed that certain races weere superiro (nazis)

• hitler was god 

name of agreement hitler and catholic churhc signed over

concordoct

terms of concorduct

• c.c wouldnt interfre with nazis vice versa

• nazis wouldnt interfere with germans religous lives

hitler needed catholic support to sign hwat

enabling act

why did hitler need support of the catholics

• church has ammassed large influence and support from civilian population

• establishing good realtions would allow hitler to also share and gain taht support

• oppurtunity to showcase legitmacy of nazis - werent foooling around and tehy actually had support of a notable group (think fo celeb sponsporhsips)

• increase outreach

• unite and fight communism

• hitler youth had comp. with church youth groups

whcih archbishop critise the nazis

galen

what did galen say ab nazis

• there polcieis against jews and those deemed unpure were too harsh and unfair

• Euthanasia program was too extreme and moraaly wrong

• subjected innocent people to wrong punishemnts

• deemed nazis as too opressive and urged catholcis to resist against

• nazis wrongfully determined and played with the lives of civilans - had no right to decide who lives or dies

why couldnt hitler assainate galen

• too sudden, cause a racus and would cause suspcion

• too popular (galen)

name given to protestants who supproted nazis and hitler

german christians

how many jehovah witnesses’ were sent to conc. camps

10,000

why didnt reovah witness serve in the army

against teh use of violence - pacifists

who was the leader of the confessional church

lduwig muller

what happend to the leader of the confessional church 1938

sent to conc. camp and died

policies towards women by the nazis included

• mothers corss

  • gave medals for the amount of children u had 

  • increased competetiveness amongst motehrs - build up tension in atmosphere and strive women to produce more children

  • idea that the more kids you had, the bette rlife would be for you

• banned from all kinds of jobs or employedment

  • domesticated, hosuehold, cooking, traditional roles, take care of children

  • glofified childbrith, motherhod and marriage

• better health oppurtunities of mothers under german womans league 

  • decrease morality rate for infants

• propaganda

  • women as warriors 

  • recognised hardship of childbrith but glorified it and portrayed it as a rewarding expeirence

hwo did the naizs encoruage owmen to have more kids and amrry

rewards systems

benefits eg repayingd debts and loans

3 k’s

kinder - children

kruche - kitchen

kirche - churhc

nazis banned women from

• drinking and smoking

  • effect ability to reproduce

  • undermine health overall

• having jobs or being in the workforce

• education

• policital partciation (rallies) get involved or wtv

• enlistment in miliatry

successes of polcieis towards women for nazis

• women out of jobs

  • more time to stay home

  • demestciated

• brith rate increased between 1933 - 1939 (think of hitler as chancellor until start of ww2)

• infnat moratlity decreased

• marriages icnreased by 21%

negatives for women living in nazi germany

• banned from work

  • no freedom or liberation

• under pressure to stay home and have children even if against their will

• restricted oppurtunties, educationally and employemnt wise

hwo did ww2 change role of women

• labour shrotage since so many men were going into the army - women required to work in factoires

• women concscipted in war effort in 1943 as last resort

• joint roles of mother and wage earner

  • take care of family while simutaneously earning funds

• policies began reversing due to war during 1939

voksgenshaft 

racially pure people of german society

groups who were excluded from volksgenshaft

• asocial

  • homeless

  • poor

  • drug addicts

  • alchcolics

  • unemployed

  • prosistuties

  • impoverished

• homosexuals - gays

• blacks

• religous sectors

  • jews

  • jehovah witness

• racial enimies

  • roma and sinti

• mentally ill or disabled

why were the asocials exlcuded

• considered a waste of space

• werent actively contributing to society - hence needed to disapear

asocials compsoed of

• asocial

  • homeless

  • poor

  • drug addicts

  • alchcolics

  • unemployed

  • prosistuties

  • impoverished

how were asocials exclduded

• conc camps

• killed

• arrested

• massacred

• publoic shamed - forced to wear black tirangle that iddentified them as an asocial

• imprisioned

why were homosexuals excluded from volskemshaft

• wouldnt produce any babies - against nazi goal of continuing german bloodline

• weaken german image

  • not masculine

  • not disiciplined (miliatary)

• considered mentally ill

homosexuals - actions taken agaisnst

• conc camps

• arrested

• imprisoned

• killed

• shut down inst of sexual sci

  • set back progress

  • undermined lgbtq group signifcnace in society

  • hidnered progression in research of sexual health

  • showcased stigma and negative stereotypes agianst queers

blacks - exlcusion reason

• racially impure

• skin colour

• racially poluutted society

• threat to society and blood (german)

• prisioners of war and therefore were treated harshly

blacks - exlcusion methods

propaganda

• posters dempnsytarting thie rnegtaive influence on german bloodline

• creepy

• villainsied

alienated 

arrested

executed

imprisioned

tortuted

forced labour until death

mistreatment

given less food

sterilsied - cut off privates - unabel to reporduce

isolation

mentally and physically disbaled - exlcusion reaosn

• waste of space

• costs more moeny to take care adn keep them alive - when suhc money could be used for bettr purposes eg fundings for weapons and supporting expansion policies

• 32% were disabled 

• unworthy of life

• cant function or ocntribute to society by owrking

how many of german popualtion was dsibaled

32 perce

disbaeld - exclsuion methods

• killing cnetres

• forced sterialsation via law for prevention of hereditaryily disease and offspring passed

• t4 euthnasaia program

hwo were rleigous sectors such as jews exlcuded from society

• conc camps

• ghettos

• death camps/ gas chambers

• arrested

• imprisioned

• mass killings

• publci shame - wear gold star 

• renounce their beliefs or else face death

WHY were rleigous sectors such as jews exlcuded from society

• opposed bleiefs of nazis 

  • didnt agree taht hitler was their god

  • refused to swear an oath

• j.w were pacifist - believed against violence

  • hence refused to join army

  • considered disloyal to nazis and acting against regime

WHY were racial enemies such as romas and sinti exlcuded from society

• infreiror

• impure

• undesirbake

• hinder aryan superiroty

• corrupting of germnay

HOW were racial enemies such as romas and sinti exlcuded from society

• segreatation

• villansated in popagada

• publci humilation

• mass murder

• sterialsation

why did hitler hate jews

• considered to be taking all the important and high end jobs eg doctors and lawyers despite making up less than 1 percent of the population at taht time

• jews had diff. beliefs, appearances and langauge - made hitler thjnk taht they were rebels and wouyld eventually betray germany - threat to society

• hitler believed taht the reason germnay was so weak was bc of the amount of racially impure people in the country - therefore needed to be extreminated

• public would be easy to gain support from as hitler followed through iwth simpel and strong messages 

• after ww1, alot of soliders were unemplloyed and nazis needed a scapegaot to balme eveyrhting on - hence cmae the jews

efforst made to complicate jewish livelihoods in germnay

• too muc people/ overcrowding in jews caused jews not be able to attend 

• interracil amrriages between jews and aryans - via law of proetction of german blood and honor

• jewish exlcuded from uni and school

• boycott jewish buissnesses - attempted but only lasted 1 day

  • civilians were used to purchasing dialy goods from those buissnesses so it would be hard to change their routes and unnessecary to if they were providijng quality products

• publci attacks

• not fully citzines - reich citzien law - only reocgnised those w. german heirtage as citizens of germany

  • idinetity cards stamped with J

  • names added either sarah or israel

• banned jews from

  • army

  • restruants

  • gov or civil servant jobs - via civivl service law

  • stay past curfew

  • having radios

  • publci spaces

    • restricted acesses including areas such as playgrounds, pools, and parks

purpose of numemberg laws

help nazis and ordinary german cicitziens betteer dientify and recognise jews rather than soley based on appearnce alone - allowed for effiency when boycotting or excluding jews

what di dthe numeberg laws declare jews as

• those with 2 jewish grandparents

• those w. a jewish partner

• jewishw as a race not religon

• thos eborn in jewish religous communiities 

reich citzien law

only those w. german heirtage could become a citzien of germany

law for the portection of germna blood an honour

• no marriages or sexual relations between aryans and jews 

• sevrely limieted and restricted their freedom to love whomever they wanted

• preseve and maintain puritty of german race

preseve synomyms

Here are some synonyms for "preserve":

1. Maintain

2. Protect

3. Conserve

4. Safeguard

5. Sustain

6. Keep

7. Save

8. Shield

9. Guard

10. Retain

If you need synonyms in a specific context, let me know!

kristallnach

• nazi encoruaged the destruction and vandalism of jewish shops, homes and religous centres

• heavy violence

• jews emigrated

Gestapo

• state role

  • secret police, spying on german pubkci to ensure they followed the rules and policies of nazi regime

  • eliminate poltical opposition

• leadershio

  • goring→ himmler

• actions taken

  • encoruaged snitching and civivilain informants

  • possessed information on germans regarding beliefs, personal ifnroamtion and tracked their actcivties

  • arressted, interroated and excecuted polcital oppnonets who defied nazi ideals

  • rat out anybody who was a jew or aided a jew (denunciation)

  • intercept letters and pacakges to make sure they didnt contain anyhting dangerous or had messages implying opposition against nazis

SS role, leadership and aims​

• role

  • oversaw the other itelligence and security organsarions (ss and gestapo)

  • enforce ideology

  • conduct security procedures/operations

  • highest importance

  • had most power

• led by hendrich himmler

• overall goal of promoting nazi ideology, racial purity and loyality, oversaw conc. camps and killings/persecution of those deemed unpure

  • deportation netwroks to conc camps - transport jews and minorities

  • protext hitler and high ranking figures within nazi group

  • promote antisemitism to the public

  • order execution of vicitims in holocaust - send

SD

• role

  • suborgansation fo SS incahrge of gathering information/intel

• leadership

  • heydrich

• actions

  • censorship of radio broadcasts

  • arresr and imprision anyone who were suspected to be opposiition

  • tracking of political opponents and resistance groups.

polcie and courts

• role

  • enforce nazi law and maintain legal order

• led by himmler

  • under ss control

• actions

  • always rule in favour fo nazis

  • nazis had gotten rid of jury in order to be more effcent with ounsihemnts

    • judges could organise incarceration quicker

  • prevent input of german public

    • jruy could protect the defendant based on legal principles or eveidence - this would contradict role of judges and slow down the trials

    • nazis need to prevent any sympathy or liencency offered to the defendant - ensure that they were defientely in the wrong and imprisisoned

Joseph Goebbels​

minister of propaganda

what did gobells set up in September 1933

chamber of culture

purpose of

chamber of culture

approve all kidns of cultural pursuits such as music media and art

cesnorship

block unwnated things

nazi forms of propaganda

• media

• art

• poster

• videos

• cinema adverts

• bookelts

• leaflets

• radio

• loudspeakers

• speeches

• rallies

• films

• full contorl of newspaper compannies

• books

• hitler protrayal as a god and saviour

• music

hwo were rallies used a propagranda method

• built massive arenas

• swatsitika prevalnet appearnance

• airshows and speeches

• ss and hitler youth march in showcases in uniform

  • demonstartes discipline and professionalism

rallies - censorship

intimindate all oppnents

make them so scared they stop

peer pressure those who didnt participat

newspapers - propaganda

• all controled by nazis

• only publish news taht correlated and support their ideals

• must be approveed by Goebbels

newspapers - censorship

• only aryans allowed to work

  • no employed for those racially impure or didnt fit aryan standards

• shut down news letter companies who dindt comply with nazi rules