CNS Human A&P

What does the CNS consist of?

The brain and spinal cord.

What does the brain and spinal cord develop from?

The neural tube.

What are the four major brain regions?

Cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum.

What is gray matter made of?

Cell bodies and non-myelinated neurons.

What is white matter made of?

Myelinated and non-myelinated axons.

What fills the brain's ventricles?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

How many cerebral hemispheres are there?

Two—right and left.

Name the five lobes of the brain.

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula.

What separates the two hemispheres?

The longitudinal fissure.

What separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

The transverse cerebral fissure.

What is the cerebral cortex the site of?

Conscious mind (awareness, memory, voluntary control, etc.).

What are the three functional areas of the cortex?

Motor, sensory, and association areas.

What side of the body does each hemisphere control?

The opposite side.

What does the primary motor cortex do?

Controls voluntary movement.

What is Broca’s area responsible for?

Motor speech.

What does the primary somatosensory cortex detect?

Sensory input from skin and muscles.

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

The occipital lobe.

What lobe processes hearing?

The temporal lobe.

What lobe processes taste and balance?

The insula.

What are the three parts of the diencephalon?

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus.

What does the hypothalamus control?

Homeostasis (temperature, hunger, thirst, hormones, etc.).

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?

Melatonin (sleep-wake cycle).

What are the parts of the brainstem?

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata.

What happens at the medulla’s pyramids?

Nerve fibers cross (decussation).

What does the cerebellum control?

Balance, coordination, and fine motor control.