Clinical Psychology Final Exam, MCQ
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Which real-life situation best illustrates the use of the DSM-5 in clinical psychology?
A therapist uses a structured interview and DSM-5 criteria to diagnose major depressive disorder.
3 multiple choice options
Why are diagnostic criteria and categories important for clinicians?
They help organize symptoms and inform distinct treatment plans
3 multiple choice options
How does a clinician most often use a clinical interview during the assessment of feeding and eating disorders?
To gather detailed information from the client about eating patterns, beliefs, and behaviors
3 multiple choice options
How is the DSM-5 criteria used in the diagnosis of feeding and eating disorders?
By providing standardized guidelines for identifying and classifying specific disorders
3 multiple choice options
Maria has been experiencing extreme periods of sadness lasting for weeks, followed by periods of feeling effortlessly energetic and happy. Which type of psychological condition is this a real-life example of?
Mood disorder
3 multiple choice options
Which method is most commonly used by clinicians to differentiate between different mood disorders during assessment?
Structured clinical interviews
3 multiple choice options
A client with major depressive disorder receives a combination of medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This approach is called:
Combined treatment
3 multiple choice options
If a client with depression learns to identify and challenge distorted negative thoughts in day-to-day life, which therapy approach are they practicing?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
3 multiple choice options
A young adult experiences extreme shifts between episodes of excitement and excessive energy, followed by periods of severe sadness and withdrawal. Which type of mood disorder does this scenario most likely illustrate?
Bipolar Disorder
3 multiple choice options
Which situation indicates a key symptom of Bipolar I Disorder?
James cycles between periods of severe depression and at least one episode of mania marked by decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, and reckless spending
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Which situation most accurately reflects a hypomanic episode in someone with Bipolar II Disorder?
They experience increased energy, require less sleep, are more productive, but can still manage work and relationships.
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A college student with Bipolar II Disorder suddenly loses interest in activities, feels profound sadness, sleeps excessively, and struggles to concentrate for several weeks. This scenario describes:
Major depressive episodes.
3 multiple choice options
A person who feels overwhelming sadness, loses interest in daily activities for at least two weeks, and is unable to carry out daily responsibilities is most likely experiencing which mood disorder?
Major Depressive Disorder
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A person with major depressive disorder might experience which real-life sign of changes in appetite or sleep?
Experiencing significant weight loss or gain, insomnia, or noticeable increase in sleep over a two-week span without related physical illness.
3 multiple choice options
Which example reflects the loss of interest or pleasure seen in major depressive disorder?
Finding no enjoyment in hobbies, social interactions, or once-beloved pastimes, even when encouraged by others.
3 multiple choice options
A college student with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) might most likely struggle with which of the following?
Maintaining focus during a long lecture
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A college student with ADHD often forgets to submit assignments and has trouble listening during lectures. Which core symptom of ADHD does this most likely demonstrate?
Inattention
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A child has difficulty understanding social cues and prefers repetitive routines, struggling to form friendships at school. What neurodevelopmental disorder is most likely present?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
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Which of the following is an example of a social communication deficit commonly seen in a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Talking clearly but struggling to understand humor or sarcasm
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A young adult has significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, needing assistance with daily living skills for independence. Which disorder fits this description?
Intellectual Disability (ID)
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To diagnose intellectual disability, when must symptoms first appear?
During the developmental period (childhood)
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A person repeatedly washes their hands for hours each day to reduce anxiety about germs. This behavior is most characteristic of which disorder?
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder
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A psychologist uses the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) when evaluating a patient. What is the purpose of using this tool?
To measure the severity of compulsive symptoms
3 multiple choice options
When diagnosing OCD, why is it important to use established diagnostic criteria?
To ensure consistency and accuracy across different clinicians
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Why is differential diagnosis important in the assessment of OCD-related disorders?
It ensures that symptoms are not better explained by another mental or medical condition
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A therapist uses Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) therapy with a client who has contamination fears and hand-washing rituals. ERP is most accurately described as which kind of treatment?
Cognitive-behavioral technique
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best illustrates ERP (exposure and response prevention) when treating OCD in practice?
Encouraging a person to face their fear without engaging in their usual compulsive ritual
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary role of SSRIs in the treatment of OCD-related disorders?
They increase serotonin levels to help reduce obsessive and compulsive symptoms
3 multiple choice options
A 28-year-old man repeatedly picks his skin to the point of injury and states he feels unable to stop. Which OCD-related disorder is most likely being described?
Excoriation Disorder
3 multiple choice options
Which scenario best illustrates Hoarding Disorder in a real-life context?
Keeping newspapers and old items in the home to the point that living spaces become unusable
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best demonstrates 'difficulty discarding' as seen in hoarding disorder?
Reluctance to dispose of items, even when they are broken or have little value.
3 multiple choice options
In real-life situations, compulsions in OCD most often involve which of the following?
Performing repetitive actions to prevent feared events
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Which of the following best describes obsessions in the context of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Persistent and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges
3 multiple choice options
What is a common strategy clinicians use in the real world to gather reliable information before diagnosing a personality disorder?
Combining structured interviews and collateral reports from different sources
3 multiple choice options
A diagnosis of a personality disorder is made based on the DSM-5 criteria primarily by:
Meeting specific symptom and duration requirements listed in the manual
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In the diagnosis of personality disorders, what does 'long-term pattern' most likely refer to?
Behavioral patterns that persist over many years and across different situations
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Which scenario could indicate a patient might have a Cluster A personality disorder?
Greg tends to avoid close relationships and mistrusts others for no reason.
3 multiple choice options
Magical thinking in schizotypal personality disorder is BEST illustrated when a person:
Believes that their thoughts can influence unrelated events, such as making the sun shine
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A person with Borderline Personality Disorder is most likely to struggle with which of the following in their daily life?
Intense fear of abandonment and unstable self-image
3 multiple choice options
Emotional instability in Borderline Personality Disorder is best shown when a person:
Experiences rapid mood changes in response to minor events
3 multiple choice options
In real-life situations, a person with borderline personality disorder might show fear of abandonment by:
Making frantic efforts to keep someone from leaving them
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How might excessive emotionality appear in a person with histrionic personality disorder?
Rapidly changing and exaggerated emotional displays
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Which scenario best illustrates Narcissistic Personality Disorder in a professional setting?
Regularly seeking admiration and expecting special treatment
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Which of the following behaviors best demonstrates grandiosity in someone with Narcissistic Personality Disorder?
Believing they are uniquely qualified and more talented than everyone else
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A person routinely seeks compliments at work and feels unhappy if others do not recognize their achievements. This behavior demonstrates which feature of Narcissistic Personality Disorder?
Need for admiration
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following real-life behaviors best illustrates Avoidant Personality Disorder?
Consistently turns down job offers due to fear of criticism or rejection.
3 multiple choice options
A person with Avoidant Personality Disorder may avoid applying for a job because they believe they are not good enough. This behavior is most closely related to which characteristic?
Feelings of inadequacy
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Which of the following scenarios best illustrates social inhibition in someone with Avoidant Personality Disorder?
Refusing to attend a party due to fear of embarrassing oneself
3 multiple choice options
A clear example of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder in real life could be:
Spending hours reorganizing work files to maintain perfect order, affecting the ability to meet deadlines.
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Which response shows the rigidity characteristic of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?
Displaying anger when routines change, even slightly
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Which situation most directly aligns with typical risk factors for developing a personality disorder?
Exposure to early childhood abuse and inconsistent caregiving
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A person hears voices that are not real and believes others are plotting against them. These symptoms are most typical of which disorder?
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
3 multiple choice options
A clinician suspects a patient may have a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Which assessment tool is most commonly used to assist in diagnosis?
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID)
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best describes the purpose of a clinical interview in assessing schizophrenia spectrum disorders?
To gather detailed information about the patient's history and current symptoms
3 multiple choice options
In the diagnosis of schizophrenia, why is symptom duration an important consideration?
It helps distinguish schizophrenia from brief psychotic disorders
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of schizophrenia spectrum disorder in the DSM-5?
Bipolar I Disorder
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Which example best illustrates brief psychotic disorder?
A person suddenly develops delusions and disorganized behavior for three weeks after a stressful event, then returns to normal.
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A young adult who suddenly believes they are being watched by strangers and hears voices no one else can hear is most likely exhibiting which main symptom of Brief Psychotic Disorder?
Delusions or hallucinations
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Which of the following features is most characteristic of schizophrenia in daily life?
Chronic hallucinations and disorganized thinking lasting for at least six months
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A person with schizophrenia who firmly believes they are being followed by secret agents, despite evidence to the contrary, is experiencing which symptom?
Delusions
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A patient frequently visits doctors for physical symptoms, such as pain or fatigue, that have no identifiable medical cause. This pattern best fits which disorder group?
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
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Which situation best illustrates illness anxiety disorder, one type of somatic symptom disorder, in a real-world context?
An individual is preoccupied with serious disease, sees multiple doctors, and experiences little or no true bodily symptoms.
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A university student repeatedly worries about having cancer despite reassurance from several doctors and shows few or no physical symptoms. This behavior is most characteristic of which somatic symptom disorder?
Illness Anxiety Disorder
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best illustrates preoccupation with serious illness as seen in Illness Anxiety Disorder?
Frequently thinking about having a severe disease despite medical reassurance
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best illustrates Somatic Symptom Disorder in a real-life scenario?
A person with excessive focus and anxiety toward real, persistent physical symptoms that disrupt daily functioning.
3 multiple choice options
Which behavior would most likely prompt a clinician to assess someone for a substance use disorder?
Missing work repeatedly due to hangovers
3 multiple choice options
Why are DSM-5 criteria important in diagnosing substance-related and addictive disorders?
They offer a standardized framework for clinicians to identify and classify disorders.
3 multiple choice options
Which scenario best illustrates a real-life example of a gambling disorder?
Someone who struggles to stop betting money despite serious financial and relationship problems.
3 multiple choice options
What does 'chasing losses' mean in the context of a gambling disorder?
Trying to win back money that has already been lost, often leading to further loss
3 multiple choice options
Which treatment approach is commonly used to help individuals stop using addictive substances?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
3 multiple choice options
How does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) help individuals with substance-related disorders?
By changing unhelpful thoughts and behaviors related to substance use
3 multiple choice options
After experiencing a car accident, an individual has nightmares and avoids driving. This behavior is most likely an example of which disorder group?
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
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Which of the following is considered a trauma- and stressor-related disorder commonly diagnosed after exposure to a life-threatening event?
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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Which of the following best illustrates a real-life impact of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
A person repeatedly re-experiences a traumatic event through flashbacks and avoids reminders months after the incident.
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Which example describes the experience of intrusive memories in PTSD?
Repeatedly recalling a traumatic event without wanting to.
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Which scenario best demonstrates the use of a therapeutic approach in abnormal psychology?
A psychologist uses cognitive-behavioral therapy to help a client manage anxiety.
3 multiple choice options
A psychologist who selects treatments for clients based on the latest scientific studies, clinical expertise, and patient preferences is using:
Evidence-based practice
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Which scenario best illustrates the use of outcome research in evaluating a new therapy for depression?
Researchers measure clients’ symptoms before and after treatment.
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A client repeatedly self-sabotages relationships without understanding why. According to psychodynamic theory, which concept best explains this behavior?
Unconscious conflict
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In clinical psychology, why is case conceptualization essential for effective intervention?
It helps to understand the client's unique context and inform personalized treatment
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is typically a key component of a case conceptualization in clinical psychology?
Presenting problems, underlying mechanisms, and contextual factors
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Which option best represents a 'perpetuating factor' in maintaining a client's symptoms?
The client's tendency to isolate themselves after feeling anxious
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Which component most likely describes a family history of anxiety contributing to the current clinical case?
Predisposing factors
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Which statement best describes the use of different models of case conceptualization in clinical psychology?
Clinicians choose models based on client needs and presenting problems.
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A therapist uses the biopsychosocial model to understand a client's anxiety disorder. Which of the following is an example of this approach in practice?
Exploring genetic factors, thought patterns, and social environment
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Which of the following is the main practical purpose of clinical assessment and diagnosis in a mental health setting?
To guide treatment planning and intervention choices
3 multiple choice options
Why is the use of diagnostic classification systems like the DSM-5 important in clinical practice?
It allows for consistent communication about diagnoses among professionals
3 multiple choice options
Which scenario best illustrates a dimensional approach to diagnosing a mental disorder?
A patient's symptoms are rated on a scale to reflect severity
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best describes a real-life application of the DSM-5 in clinical psychology?
Assessing if a client meets established criteria for a mental disorder
3 multiple choice options
Why are diagnostic criteria essential in clinical assessment?
They provide a standardized way to determine if a disorder is present
3 multiple choice options
Which scenario demonstrates an ethical issue in clinical assessment?
Sharing a client's assessment results without their consent
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Why is it important for a psychological test to have both reliability and validity in clinical assessment?
To ensure the test produces consistent and accurate results
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How can a test of anxiety demonstrate criterion validity?
The test correlates strongly with other proven anxiety measures.
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A clinical psychologist uses interviews, standardized tests, and behavioral observations with a client. What is the main benefit of using multiple assessment methods?
It provides a more comprehensive understanding of the client
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Which of the following is a primary advantage of using interviews in clinical assessment?
They allow clinicians to gather in-depth personal history directly from the client.
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How does clinical supervision benefit new therapists in a real-life clinical setting?
By guiding to ensure ethical and effective practice
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Which of the following best demonstrates the foundation of effective clinical supervision in a counseling setting?
Providing ongoing feedback and fostering professional development
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Which scenario best demonstrates the use of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in clinical practice?
A psychologist helps a client identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best demonstrates a CBT application for alleviating symptoms of depression?
Challenging automatic negative thoughts with evidence-based reasoning.
3 multiple choice options
A client with PTSD earns workplace confidence after using which CBT technique in real life?
Rewriting unhelpful trauma-related beliefs about their safety and control.
3 multiple choice options
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