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Oswald Avery
A Canadian American physician and medical researcher known for his discovery that DNA is the material of which genes and chromosomes are made.
Transforming Principle
The concept that DNA, and not protein, is the genetic material, first demonstrated by Frederick Griffith.
CRISPR/Cas9
A gene-editing technology invented by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier, allowing precise alterations in DNA.
Frederick Griffith
A scientist whose 1928 experiments revealed the āTransforming Principleā, showing DNA as the carrier of genetic material.
Hershey-Chase Experiment
Experiments that demonstrated DNA is the genetic material, using radioactive phosphorus and sulfur to distinguish DNA from protein.
Friedrich Miescher
The scientist who first discovered DNA, originally calling it 'nuclein'.
Watson and Crick
The researchers who discovered the double helix structure of DNA in 1953.
Erwin Chargaff
An Australian biochemist known for discovering base pairing in DNA, which contributed to understanding its structure.
Maurice Wilkins
A researcher who completed X-ray diffraction work on DNA, contributing to the development of the DNA model.
Kary Mullis
The inventor of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which revolutionized molecular biology and earned him a Nobel Prize.
Radioactive Phosphorus Experiment
An experiment showing that DNA enters bacteria cells during bacteriophage infection, proving DNA is the genetic material.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
An award received by Frederick Sanger twice for his work on protein structure and sequencing.
Rosalind Franklin
A British scientist who contributed to the discovery of the DNA structure and the double helix model.
Double Helix Structure
The shape of DNA discovered by Watson and Crick, resembling a twisted ladder.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
A technique invented by Kary Mullis for amplifying specific DNA sequences rapidly.
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