Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Overview

What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

In the cytoplasm

What are the products of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

What happens to pyruvate before it enters the citric acid cycle?

It is converted into acetyl-CoA.

What is the main function of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)?

To produce NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain.

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

In the mitochondrial matrix

What are the products of the citric acid cycle per acetyl-CoA?

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 2 CO2.

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

The process of generating ATP using the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

They carry electrons to the electron transport chain.

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Oxygen (O2), which forms water).

What is the net yield of ATP from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

Up to 38 ATP (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and up to 34 from the ETC).

What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?

To convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

6CO2 and 6H2O.

Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

In the chloroplasts.

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

Light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.

What is produced during the light-dependent reactions?

ATP, NADPH, and O2.

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

To absorb light energy.

What is the Calvin cycle's primary function?

To convert CO2 into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

In the stroma of the chloroplasts.

What is the significance of the thylakoid membrane in photosynthesis?

It houses the components for the light-dependent reactions.

What happens to water during the light-dependent reactions?

It is split to provide electrons and protons, releasing O2 as a byproduct.

How many times does the Calvin cycle turn to produce one glucose molecule?

It must turn six times to fix enough carbon to produce one glucose.

What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

To synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy from H+ ion movement.

What is fermentation, and when does it occur?

A process that occurs in anaerobic conditions to regenerate NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue.

What types of organisms perform cellular respiration?

All living cells, including plants, animals, and bacteria.

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and produces less ATP.