Unit 1 Atomic Structure and Periodic Trend Study Guide

Flashcards covering key concepts from Atomic Structure and Periodic Trends.

Proton

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom, responsible for the identity of an element.

Neutron

A neutral particle located in the nucleus of an atom, differing in number among isotopes.

Electron

A negatively charged particle found in the electron cloud or orbitals surrounding an atom's nucleus.

Isotope

Variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond, which generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Ionization energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom, which generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Atomic radius

The measure of the size of an atom, which generally decreases across a period and increases down a group.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Ionization energy generally across a period and down a group.

increases, decreases

Electronegativity generally across a period and down a group.

increases, decreases