MRI-All-In-One

MRI-all-in-one Flashcard Set

If a technologist was to somehow cause a patient to feel threatened he or she could be sued for?

Assault

Striking a patient is an example of?

battery

The invasion of a persons good name is an example of?

defamation

Defamation through written words is known as

libel

Defamation through spoken words is known as

slander

___________ is a term that can be described by the phrase "unintentional misconduct"

Negligence

The side rails are not engaged when transporting a patient on a mobile MRI bed allowing the patient to fall off and onto the floor. The tech can be used for

negligence

Discussing confidential medical information with a coworker that does not have a need to know is known as

invasion of privacy

The illegal or improper pracitve of a professional activity is known as

malpractice

In a malpractice suit the plantiff is required to prove what?

The medical malpractice that took place

What must be proven true in order to claim a malpractice suit?

Must prove, patient/plaintiff sustained a loss or injury, loss claimed is due to negligence or improper practice, and the practitioner/defendant is responsible for loss claimed

The act of doing good is

beneficence

The phrase do not harm is most closely describes

non-maleficence

the term that infers that a practitioner must refrain from inflicting harm as much as possible in order to reach a beneficial outcome is

non-maleficence

The legal doctrine res ipsa locquitur means which of the following?

Let the master answer

"The thing speaks for itself" is the translation of the Latin phrase:

Res ipsa Loquitur

A civil wrong that unfairly causes someone to suffer loss or harm is

tort of law

An act of tort must be claimed to recover compensation for personal injury and property damages from unintentional or intentional _________

misconduct

The act of altering or destroying medical records without authorization is

spoliation

In order to accurately add data to a patient medical records the tech should do what

sign using both name and credentials, record the time, record the data

The right of a patient to make decisions about their medical care without healthcare providers attempting to influence their decision is referred to as

patient autonomy

Types of informed consent

written, verbal, implied

Written consent is considered what kind of consent that requires formal documentation?

informed

____________ must be obtained in writing prior to all invasive procedures

informed consent

What should a tech do in order to prevent oneself from being subject to battery?

obtain implied or oral/verbal consent prior to touching a patient

What are types of patient confidentiality

HIPAA, (Health insurance portability and accountability act) physical confidentiality, and PHI (protective health information)

What is PHI

protective health information, this includes a patients social security number and medical record number

What was the patients bill of rights created for?

to help patient feel more confident in the US healthcare system

What are the patient bill of rights?

Access to their health information

Access to emergency services

File complaint, appeals

Taking part in treatment decisions

Confidentialities of health information

Informed if participating in a research study

Write to a Health proxy

Respect and non-discrimination

Choice of healthcare providers and plans

What are the ARRT Standard of Ethics?

Mandatory standards of minimally, acceptable professional conduct for all present registered technologists and candidates

Registered Technologist that have violated the a RRT rules of ethics are subject to?

Sanctions

Asepsis

The state of being free from disease causing pathogens or microorganisms

What is the correct order of unfolding a steroid pack when establishing a sterile field?

First flap away from yourself, second, and third flap to your left, or right, last flap towards yourself

When pouring sterile solutions into containers within the sterile field, you should pour the solution from approximately ______ inches high to avoid splashing

6

The act of applying sterile gloves

Donning

Bacteria

Living single, celled organisms that can result in infectious bacterial disease

Virus

Nonliving agents that can only survive and replicate in living cells

Fungi

spore-producing organisms that absorb nutrients from the environment

Parasites

organisms that live on or in a host and cause it harm

latrogenic disease

a condition that is caused by a medical treatment "pertaining to producing, forming from physician"

Pathogens

Disease causing microorganisms

Host

Anything a pathogen infects

Patients are more successful to infection when

They are elderly, skin is compromised, immune system is compromised

Most common means of spreading infection

Hand contact

Indirect contact commonly occurs through what

Droplets, vehicles, aerosols, vectors

Contamination caused by droplets associated with coughing or sneezing is known as

droplet contamination

Contamination caused by food, water, drugs, or fomite, is known as

Vehicle contamination

A _______ is a contaminated in animate object that can serve as the means of spreading infection

Fomite

Contamination caused by tiny droplets that stays suspended in the air is known as

Aerosol contamination

Contamination caused by insects, and animals is known as

Vector contamination

How long should hands be washed for?

At least 20 seconds

What should be worn during contact isolation

Gown and gloves

Verbal communication is drive-through what

Spoken and written expression

What are examples of nonverbal communication?

Eye contact, touching, facial expressions, hand gestures, body language, distance

What could present a challenge in communication between healthcare workers and patients

Cultural characteristics, physical characteristics, emotional characteristics

Cultural challenges in communication include

Language barriers and cultural norms

Physical challenges in communication include

Speech impairment, vision, loss, hearing loss

Five stages of grief in the correct order

1. Denial

2. Anger

3. Bargaining

4. Depression

5. Acceptance

The ability to understand and share emotions of another person

empathy

Difficulty walking

ataxia

Inability to understand, or express speech

aphasia

Difficulty breathing

dyspnea

Difficulty swallowing

dysphagia

Inability to swallow

aphagia

mmHg

millimeters of mercury (a measure of blood pressure)

To energy fields are used to form images and MRI are

Radio frequency, field, and magnetic field

The fundamental force defined by the physical relationship between electricity and magnetism

Electromagnetism

Voltage applied to a loop of wire, will produce an associated magnetic field

The first law of electromagnetism is also known as faradays, law, or the law of electromagnetism induction

An electromagnetic in the form of a current carrying wire coiled into a tightly packed helix

Solenoid

What must be present for electromagnetic induction to take place?

Conductor, motion, and magnetic field

And induced current set up the magnetic field opposing the magnetic field that produce the original current

Second law of electromagnetism, also known as Lenz law

Types of magnets used in MRI

Super conductive, electromagnets, recessive electromagnets , permanent magnets

The steel tank that functions as a house for both magnetic coils and cryogen is known as

Cryostat another term for cryostat is Dewar

A magnetic field strength of one T is equal to how much gauss or kilogauss

10,000 G or 10 kG

What is the ferromagnetic substance that commonly composes MRI permanent magnets?

ALINCO, this is a ferromagnetic material, composed of aluminum, nickel and cobalt

What are the classifications of magnetic susceptibility?

Diamagnetic, paramagnetic, super paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, nonmagnetic

Display no magnetic moment, and when, in the presence of an external magnetic field, they slightly repellent

Diamagnetic substances

Examples of diamagnetic substances

Lead

Water

Copper

Display small positive magnetic moment, and went in the presence of an external magnetic field. They are slightly attracted to it.

Paramagnetic substances

Examples of paramagnetic substances

Aluminum

Gadolinium

Lithium

Examples of super paramagnetic substances

Iron oxides

Display a magnetic moment, when super paramagnetic molecules are grouped in bulk

Examples of ferromagnetic substances

Iron, steel, nickel and cobalt

Examples of non-magnetic substances

Glass

Wood

Plastic

The inner most layer of instrumentation within the gantry

Radio frequency coil

The RF field is oriented ______ to the main magnetic field

Perpendicular

The abbreviation B1 represents

Radio frequency field

What happens to the hydrogen proton in the body when a 90 degree RF pulse is applied?

they begin to process in phase and flip 90 degrees into the transverse plane

Maximum signal is produced in the receiver coil when the net magnetization is tipped

90 degrees

What determines the amount of Rf energy needed to produce a flip angle of 90 degrees?

duration of the RF pulse, amplitude of the RF pulse and the strength of the magnetic field

What is another name for the body coil that is built into the gantry

radiofrequency coil

Transmit coils are only capable of what

sending radiofrequencies

What is the primary RF transmitter used in closed bore MRI systems

body coil

Receive coils are only capable of what

accepting radiofrequencies

Transceiver coils are capable of what

transmitting and receiving radiofrequencies

What kind of coil is the body coil

transceiver

If you are imaging a body part that is 6 inches thick how big should your surface coil be?

12 inches

What coil is consisting of a simple loop of wire?

linear coil, this is a surface coil with decent SNR

a type of transsceiver coil used to accommodate a large volume of tissue, but with poor SNR

volume coil

Examples of volume coils

head coil

extremity

body coils

quadrature coils

type of volume coil that uses two coils offset from each other by 90 degrees

quadrature coil - these increase SNR