Med Sci- Quiz 3 (Nasal Cavity/Palate/Tongue)

What separates the two lateral cavities of the nasal cavity?

Nasal septum

What are the anterior and posterior openings of the nasal cavity?

Anterior: nostrils; Posterior: choanae leading to the nasopharynx

What type of lining is found in the nasal cavity?

Mucosa, which is highly vascular

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

CN I (olfactory)

What areas does CN I innervate in the nasal cavity?

Superior concha and superior septum

What is a consequence of a cribriform fracture?

Anosmia (loss of smell) and CSF rhinorrhea

Which cranial nerves provide general sensation to the nasal cavity?

CN V1 (ophthalmic) and CN V2 (maxillary)

What is the function of the greater petrosal nerve?

It provides parasympathetic innervation to nasal glands via CN VII

What is the Kiesselbach Plexus?

An anastomosis of blood vessels that is the most common site for nosebleeds

Which arteries contribute to the Kiesselbach Plexus?

Sphenopalatine, anterior ethmoidal, greater palatine, and facial arteries

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity roof?

Nasal, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones

Cribriform plate --> CN 1

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

Maxilla and palatine bones

Incisive foramen: nasopalatine nerve and vessel

What structures make up the nasal septum?

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, vomer, and septal cartilage

What drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess?

Sphenoid sinus

What drains into the superior meatus?

Posterior ethmoid air cells

What drains into the middle meatus?

Frontal sinus, anterior & middle ethmoid, and maxillary sinus

What drains into the inferior meatus?

Nasolacrimal duct

What is the drainage pathway for the anterior ethmoid air cells?

They drain into the hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus

frontal sinus drains into

middle meatus

What is the most common sinusitis?

Maxillary sinusitis

drains against gravity

sphenoid drains into

spehnoethmoidal recess

What is the main function of the hard palate?

Structural separation of the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

clear rhinorrhea after trauma

think CSF leak

pituitary surgery

nasal cavity--> sphenoid sinus --> sella

What is the composition of the hard palate?

Bone

What is the composition of the soft palate?

Muscle and mucosa

soft palate

flap valve

- closes nasopharynx during swallowing

What nerve innervates the soft palate muscles?

CN X (vagus nerve), except for tensor veli palatini which is innervated by CN V3

What is the role of the uvula?

Seals the nasopharynx during swallowing

What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?

Tenses the palate

levator veli palatini

elevates palate

palatoglossus

depresses palate

What happens in a CN X lesion?

The uvula deviates away from the lesion side

tonsillitis

causes sore throat and dysphagia

Sulcus Terminalis

divides tongue into:

anterior 2/3

posterior 1/3

What are the primary tastes detected by taste buds?

Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami

Which cranial nerve innervates the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Which cranial nerve innervates the posterior one-third of the tongue?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

What is the structure of taste receptor cells?

They consist of taste receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells

What is the adaptation process in taste?

Taste sensitivity decreases with continuous exposure, starting within minutes

factors affecting taste

hunger, smell, age

fungiform

tip of tongue

sweet, umami

Foliate

sides of tongue

salty, sour

circumvallate

back anterior 2/3

bitter

filiform

no taste

TOUCH

salty and sour

ion channels

sweet, bitter, umami

g-protein coupled receptors