ap pysch 2.8 a

intelligence

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

general intelligence (g)

underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Spearman and others

introduced the concept of g

usually if ppl scored high in 1 area, they also scored high in others

what is evidence for g?

factor analysis

statistically identifying clusters of related items on a test

L.L. Thurstone

criticized g and identified 7 separate clusters/factors

fluid intelligence (Gf)

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly

crystallized intelligence (Gc)

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

Gf generally decreases w/ age, while Gc generally increases or stays the same

compare the 2 forms of g that work together w/ age

Catell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory

intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc, basically many mental abilities are under broader umbrella of gen intelligence

CHC theory

what’s a hierarchical organization method supported by much research and is used as a basis for many other intelligence theories

savant syndrome

condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental/social ability has a specific exceptional skill

savant syndrome`

often associated w/ autism or brain (CNS) injury

false - phys mech isn’t well understood in savant syndrome

t/f - physical mechanism is well understood in savant syndrome

grit

passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

Howard Gardner

argued that intelligence should be measured in plurality and divided intelligence into 8 types

Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory

proposes eight relatively indepent intelligences, called domains, that include multiple related abilities

1) brain dmg may affect one set of skills but leave others intact and 2) savant syndrome

evidence for Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory

Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory, but the idea hasn’t held up to research

what led to teachers using multiple “learning styles” in their classrooms?

Robert Sternberg

said intelligence is based on more than just academic ability and proposed triarchic theory

analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence

what are the 3 intelligences from the triarchic theory

analytical intelligence

intelligence with problem-solving abilities

finding the single right answer on an intelligence test might be ez for those w/ high scores here, but finding multi-faceted solutions to real world problems could be more difficult

example situation of analytical intelligence

creative intelligence

intelligence with innovative abilities

adaptation to new situations and production of unique and novel ideas

example situation of creative intelligence

practical intelligence

intelligence with street smarts

applying knowledge to daily tasks and finding multi-faceted solutions for real-world problems

example situation of practice intelligence

g isn’t singularly defined

why can’t g predict overrall success?

idea that 10 years of consistent practice is required to become proficient at something — should’ve built habits from the start

what’s the 10-yr rule?

higher g, w/ many influences from nurture as well

highly successful ppl TEND to have?

perceiving, understanding, managing, and using emotions

emotional intelligence consists of what 4 related abilities?

social intelligence

ability to understand social situations and manage yourself successfully

perceiving

interpret facial expressions and body language

understanding

predicting emotions and how they may change

managing

expressing healthy/appropriate emotions in various situations and knowing how to handle others’ emotions

using

facilitating adaptive and creative thinking, developing empathy for others and self-control