Vertebral Column + Respiratory Passage (2)

Cervical Vertebrae includes?

Body, Spinous process, transverse process, transverse foramen, vertebral foramen, superior/inferior articular facets

Atlas supports?

Skull

Axis forms?

Pivot around which skull and C1 can rotate.

Thoracic Vertebrae includes?

Body, spinous process, transverse process, vertebral foramen, superior/inferior articular facets, superior/inferior costal facets

Sternum includes?

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Manubrium is?

Superior border forms suprasternal notch, lateral to which is articulatory facet for clavicle, just below is depression for articulation with first rib

Body is?

2nd rib attaches at junction with manubrium, lateral borders marked by depressions for articulation with ribs 2-7

Xiphoid process is?

easily palpated

How many true ribs?

1-7

How many false ribs?

8-10

How many floating ribs?

4 total

True ribs?

attach via cartilage

False ribs

Attach via cartilage that swings superiorly

Floating ribs?

Only articulate with vertebral column

On inhalation the thoracic cavity expands in three dimensions?

vertical, lateral, and anterior-posterior

What does the diaphragm do in the vertical dimension?

Contracts

What do the ribs do in the lateral dimension?

Elevate like a water bucket

What does the sternum do anterior-posteriorly?

Move like pump handle

Pelvic girdle includes?

Ilium, ischium, pubis

Ilium?

Includes iliac crest

Ischium

absorbs weight of body when sitting up straight

Pubis

2 bones meet at pubic symphysis

Pectoral girdle includes?

Clavicle and scapula that connects upper limbs to torso

Clavicle?

projects scapula far enough laterally to clear chest wall

Scapula?

only attachment to skeleton is via clavicle and humerus

Respiratory Passage includes?

nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi

Respiratory passage safety function?

Filter and warm the air, prevent foreign objects from entering

What is the Larynx function?

Generates sound

What is the oral, nasal, and pharynx function?

amplifying speech sound

What is the function of the trachea and bronchi?

Provides power to make sound through pressure

Structure of Trachea?

from larynx (C6) to bronchi (T5), about 4” long and 1” in diameter

Trachea is lined with?

Mucous membrane that is continuous with larynx above and bronchi below

Trachea is comprised of?

hyaline cartilage to increase diameter of trachea

Last tracheal cartilage gives rise to?

main stem bronchi right and left

Structure of Bronchi?

tubes which extend from trachea to lungs

Bronchi branch out to form?

bronchial tree

Each of the bronchi divide into secondary bronchi, which divide into?

tertiary bronchi

Final division of bronchi dives rise to?

Bronchioles

Bronchioles terminate as?

Alveoli

Alveoli are small, what is their diameter?

¼ mm in diameter

There are how many alveoli in a mature lung?

300 million

Alveoli are supplied with?

blood for gas exchange with capillaries

Lungs are?

irregular shaped cones of spongy, porous, elastic material

Left lung lobes include?

Upper and lower, mediastinum

Right lung lobe includes?

upper, middle, and lower

What is the purpose of the mediastinum?

to make room for the heart

What is pleura linkage?

mechanism by which lungs linked to thoracic wall, allows movement of ribs, crucial for respiration

Parietal pleura?

Inner surface of thoracic cavity, including diaphragm

Visceral pleura

Outer surface of lungs

Intrapleura

Fluid filled negative pressure region between parietal and visceral pleura