APUSH DBQ PREPARE ( PREDICTED TOPICS)

Literacy rates

in New England were higher due to the Puritan legacy of teaching children to read the Bible.

John Adams

defended the soldiers in court, helping to establish a tradition of giving a fair trial to all who are accused.

Colonial newspapers

discuss ways to alter relationship between mother country and colonies.

William Pitt

, the English Prime Minister during the war, was supportive of the colonists and encouraged them to join the war effort.

Franco American Alliance

, negotiated by Ben Franklin in 1778, brought the French into the war on the side of the colonists.

political activity

Women were largely excluded from but had an important civil role and responsibility.

Jefferson

The animosity between and Hamilton and the growing belligerence between the Federalists and Democratic- Republicans set the ugly, divisive tone for Adamss term.

Hamilton

(broad constructionist) argued bank implied power of government and not explicitly forbidden by Constitution.

Adams

sent three diplomats to Paris, where French officials demanded a huge bribe before they would allow negotiations even to begin.

George III

replaced Prime Minister Grenville with Lord Rockingham, who had opposed the Stamp Act.

New England

Patriots were mostly white Protestant property holders and gentry, as well as urban artisans, especially in .

Sugar Act

The actually lowered the duty on molasses coming into the colonies from the West Indies.

Mississippi Valley

The treaty gave England control of Canada and almost everything east of the .

George Washington

led a colonial contingent, which attacked a French outpost and lost.

English settlers

The war was the inevitable result of colonial expansion, where moved into the Ohio Valley, and the French tried to stop them by building fortified outposts.

Quebec Act

(grants greater liberties to Catholics, extends boundaries of Quebec Territory) further impeding westward expansion, causing further dissatisfaction among colonists.

Revolutionary War

The became a war for independence with the signing of the Declaration.

American history

The Declaration has been considered as a seminal document in , and has been a source of inspiration for movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.

Alexander Hamilton

was concerned about no uniform commercial policy and fear for the survival of the new republic.

Federalists

who supported ratification of the Constitution are often the same people as who favored strong federal government.

Financial plan

called for federal government to assume states 'debts, repay by giving debt holders land on western frontier.

Public virtue

had been a strictly masculine quality in the past, private virtue emerged as a very important quality for women.

Indian War

Also called the French and , it was actually one of several "wars for empire "fought between the British and the French.

Sugar Act

, Currency Act, and Proclamation of 1763 caused a great deal of discontent in the colonies.

Goal

enumerate American grievances, develop strategy for addressing grievances, formulate colonial position on relationship between royal government and colonial governments

Three branches of government

executive, legislative, judicial

Polk administration

settled territorial dispute by signing treaty with England.

Great disparity

in distribution of wealth in northern cities, elite few controlled most of the personal wealth and led lives of power and comfort.

Horace Mann

was instrumental in pushing for public education and education reform in general.

Cult of domesticity

, supported by popular magazines and novels that glorified home life.

William Crawford

suffered a stroke after the initial election and was not a real contender for the House vote.

Andrew Jackson

received the greatest number of popular votes and electoral votes but no one had a majority.

Industrialization

resulted in bigger cities with large (and often impoverished) migrant and immigrant neighborhoods.

John C Calhoun

In 1828, , Jackson's vice president, anonymously published "The South Carolina Exposition and Protest "arguing that states who felt the 50 percent tariff was unfairly high could nullify the law.

Adams

The Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, was passed during the administration but almost turned into a national crisis during Jackson's administration.

Mexico

declared independence from Spain in 1821, included what is now Texas and Southwest.

Steamships

replaced sailing ships for long sea voyages and railroads replaced land travel.

Jefferson

sent explorers, among them Lewis and Clark, to investigate the western territories, including much of what was included in the Louisiana territory.

Power loom

in 1813 allowed manufacturers to produce both thread and finished fabric in own factories quickly and efficiently.

Inventions of steam

engine and telegraph revolutionized travel and shipping, allowing for faster and more efficient transportation and communication.

Telegraph

allowed for immediate long- distance communication and widespread use followed its invention almost immediately.

Midwest

Smith's preaching, particularly his acceptance of polygamy, drew strong opposition in the East and , culminating in his death by a mob while imprisoned in Illinois.

1824

Jackson's campaign for presidency in was vicious, with surrogates accusing opponents of corruption and misconduct.

social life

Family and church played a dominant role in , as there were few people around to support organized cultural and leisure events.

Fur trading

was another common commercial enterprise on the frontiers, with often being the first pioneers in a region.

early 19th century

Growth of American economy in brought about numerous social changes.

19th century

The saw the beginnings of true social reform in the United States, with many social reform movements growing out of the Second Great Awakening, a period of religious revival.

northeastern economy

Farming played less of a role in than elsewhere in the country.

Westward migration

brought new set of social problems, including issues of land ownership, displacement of Native Americans, and question of slavery.

Tecumseh

unified area tribes to stop American expansion.

Cotton gin

and Industrial Revolution in England altered southern agriculture and increased reliance on slave labor.

Manifest Destiny

Americans believed in God- given right to western territories, known as America's .

Jackson

In 1828, won the election by a large margin and became the first president who wasn't born in Virginia or named Adams.

Thomas Jefferson

faced with a dilemma with regards to the Constitution and the power of the federal government.

Development of commerce

led to larger middle class, especially in North but also in southern and midwestern cities.

Whigs

were a loose coalition united by opposition to Democratic party policies.

New England Federalists

opposed the Louisiana Purchase because they feared (correctly) that more western states would be more Democratic states, and that they would lose political power.

Missouri

is the first state carved out of Louisiana Purchase and slavery debate continues until Civil War.

Indian Removal Act

Jackson's treatment of the Cherokees with the of 1830 is one of the most criticized policies by modern scholars.

Mechanization

revolutionized farming in the first half of the 19th century, with many machines such as mechanical plow, sower, reaper, thresher, baler, and cotton gin coming into common use.

central regions of New York State

The western and were known as the Burned- over District for the spiritual fervor in the area.

Judiciary Act

The of 1789 gave the Supreme Court the authority to order federal appointees (such as Madison) to deliver appointments such as William Marburys.

1804

In , Jefferson won reelection in a landslide victory.

Textile mills

in New England produced thread and hired local women to weave thread into cloth at home.

Specie Circular

, which ended the policy of selling government land on credit, caused a money shortage and a sharp decrease in the treasury, and helped trigger the Panic of 1837.

Alexander Hamilton

swallowed hard and campaigned for Jefferson, with whom he disagreed on most issues and whom he personally disliked, because he believed Burr to be "a most unfit and dangerous man ..

Whig William Henry Harrison

became president in 1841, but died a month later.

Joseph Smith

formed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Day Saints in 1830.

Tyler

vetoed numerous Whig bills, causing his cabinet to resign in protest.

Democrat Martin Van Buren

Jackson supported for vice president.

John Quincy Adams

negotiated treaties to fix U.S. borders and open new territories.

Texas

was independent country called Republic of Texas.

Henry Clay

lobbied aggressively for American System, often referred to as "Henry Clay's American System.

Marshalls decision in the case established one of the most important principles of the Supreme Court

judicial review

Monroe Doctrine

Policy of mutual non-interference and America's right to intervene in its own hemisphere

Three different sections of the country

North, South, and West (including Midwest) developed in different directions

Chief crops

tobacco and cotton required vast acreage

White abolitionists divided into two groups

Moderates wanted emancipation to take place slowly and with the cooperation of slave owners, while immediatists wanted emancipation at once

Davis

tried to modernize the southern economy, but lagged behind in industrialization.

Andrew Johnson

With Lincoln's assassination, assumed the presidency and developed the Reconstruction Plan which required a loyalty oath but barred many former Confederate elite from taking it.

Wilmot Proviso

: Congressional bill to prohibit extension of slavery in territories gained from Mexico.

Definition of popular sovereignty

was vague and different interpretations by Northerners and Southerners.

Fugitive slave law

made it easier to retrieve escaped enslaved people, but required cooperation from citizens of free states and seen as immoral.

Robert Smalls

founded Republican Party of South Carolina and served in U.S. House of Representatives in the 1880s.

Lincoln

argued for gradual emancipation, compensation to slaveholders, and colonization of freed enslaved people.

mid 20th century

Sharecropping existed until , included more whites than Blacks.

Abraham Lincoln

) questioned Polk's claim of Mexican first fire.

John Wilkes Booth

assassinated Lincoln five days later.

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln issued the in September 1862 after the Union victory at Antietam.

Southerners

: saw future where slavery was confined to southeast quarter and outvoted by free- soil advocates.

George McClellan

lost due to opposing majority of Democrats.

Reconstruction

refers to the period of 1865- 1877 and the process of readmitting southern states, rebuilding physical damage, and integrating newly freed Blacks into society.

Illinois Senate

The 1858 race between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas was nationally watched, with Lincoln delivering his "House Divided "speech and Douglas damaging his political career with his ambiguous stance on popular sovereignty.

Civil War

The impacted not only the battlefields, but also the political, economic, and social realms.

John Browns

raid on Harper's Ferry in 1859 and his subsequent execution sparked northern abolitionist support.

central issue

Slavery was the , but not the only or explicitly stated reason for the Civil War.

Hayes

Compromise of 1877 was reached to resolve the election, won and ended military reconstruction, federal troops pulled out of Southern states.

Democratic convention

The 1860 split between Northern Democrats supporting Douglas and Southerners supporting Breckinridge.

second confiscation act

The allowed the government to liberate all enslaved people, but Lincoln refused to enforce it.

Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas

The act was promoted by to bring money and jobs to his home state through the termination of the transcontinental railway in Illinois.