Immunology and Serology Review

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from the immunology and serology lecture notes to aid in review and preparation for exams.

What is immunology?

The study of molecules, cells, organs, and systems responsible for recognizing and disposing of foreign materials.

Who demonstrated the use of cowpox to protect against smallpox?

Edward Jenner in 1798.

What is the role of the immune system?

To mediate resistance to infections, defend against tumors, recognize tissue grafts, and respond to newly introduced molecules.

What types of immunity are there?

Natural (innate) and acquired (adaptive) immunity.

What are the first lines of defense for the innate immune system?

Physical barriers like intact skin and mucous membranes, as well as biological/chemical factors like lysozyme.

What is phagocytosis?

The process by which certain blood cells ingest foreign material.

What are natural killer (NK) cells?

Cells that form an initial defense against tumor and virally infected cells.

What are antibodies?

Specific glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes in response to antigenic stimulation.

What is antigenicity?

The ability to react specifically with the antibody or cell that caused it to be produced.

What does the complement system do?

It functions in opsonization, lysis, chemotaxis, and forms part of the innate immune response.

What is the difference between MHC Class I and Class II?

Class I presents endogenous antigens to CD8 T cells, while Class II presents exogenous antigens to CD4 T cells.

What are hypersensitivity reactions?

Adaptive responses to antigens that occur in an exaggerated or inappropriate manner, causing tissue damage.

What is an autoimmune disease?

An illness caused when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own healthy cells.

What is the primary function of B lymphocytes?

To produce antibodies against antigens.

What is the clinical significance of complement deficiencies?

It can lead to increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmune conditions.

What mechanisms are involved in graft rejection?

Hyperacute, acute, and chronic rejection mechanisms involve immune responses against foreign tissues.