Neuroanatomy - 11 Cerebellum

based on pptx "11 - 2025 Cerebellum"

motor; maintain equilibrium, coordinate muscle contractions

the cerebellum is best known as a (sensory/motor) part of the brain; serving to _______________ and ________________

ataxic gait, dysdiadochokinesia, tremors

examples of classic cerebellar deficits are __________, _____________, and __________-

gray matter cortex

the surface layer of the cerebellum is made of ________ and is called the _____

transverse folds called folia

the outer layer of gray matter in the cerebellum is contained in ___________________

four pairs

there are __________ of central nuclei in the cerebellum

white matter

the nuclei of the cerebellum are embedded in _________

emboliform, globose

the ________ and ______ nuclei are sometimes called the interposed nuclei

three pairs

there are _________ of cerebellar peduncles

connect cerebellum to the brainstem

the purpose of the cerebellar peduncles are to _________________

myelinated axons

the cerebellar peduncles are made of ________________

middle

the largest cerebellar peduncle is the _________ one

posterior cranial fossa, tentorium cerebelli

the cerebellum is located in the ___________ underneath the ____________

vermis

the midline region of the cerebellum is known as the ________

hemispheres

the parts of the cerebellum other than the vermis are known as the ____________

superior

the (superior/inferior) vermis blends into the hemispheres

inferior

the (superior/inferior) vermis lies in a depression and is well delineated

anterior and posterior

the main mass of the cerebellum consists of the ______________ lobe/s

flocculonodular

the ____________ lobe is located at the posterior border by the posterolateral fissure, separate from the main body

anterior

the _______ lobe is part of the superior surface, rostral to the primary fissure

posterior

the ________ lobe is located between the primary fissure and the posterolateral fissure

85%

the cerebellar surface is folded into many narrow folia, with _____ of the cortical surface concealed in the intervening sulci

3/4

the cortical area is about ___ the size of the cerebral cortex

3

there are ___ layers of cerebellar cortex

purkinje cell

the ________ layer consists of a single row of cell bodies

cerebellar cortex

purkinje cells are the large principal cells of the _____________

purkinje cell

the _________ layer is between the other two cell layers

molecular

the _________ layer is the superficial layer of cerebellar cortex

synaptic, dendrites

the molecular layer is a _______ zone and contains the _______ of purkinje cells

branch profusely in a plane perpendicular

in the molecular layer, the dendrites of purkinje cells __________in a ________ to the long axis of the folium

OUTPUT

purkinje cells are the only ________ of the cerebellar cortex

GABA, inhibitory

purkinje cells use the NT ______ which is ________

basket, stellate

_______ and _______ cells are small, inhibitory interneurons present in the molecular layer

molecular

the ______ layer contains basket cells, stellate cells, dendrites of purkinje cells, and axons of granular cells

axons, bifurcate, 5 cm

granular cells send ____ up to the molecular layer that then _________ and run up to __ cm

climbing fibers

_____________ are wrapped around the processes of purkinje cells

granule

the ________ layer is deep to the purkinje layer

granule

the _______ layer contains closely packed interneurons with axons that extend into other layers

golgi, granule

the granule layer has _______ and ________ cells

perpendicular

purkinje cells have their dendritic arbor in a plane that is ___________ to the folium

parallel fiber, multiple

purkinje cells dendrite arbors are placed in a way that each __________ is in a position to contact ___________ purkinje cells

granule

_______ cells are the only excitatory cell in the cerebellar cortex

excitatory

incoming climbing and mossy fibers are (excitatory/inhibitory)

inhibitory

basket cells are (excitatory/inhibitory)

inhibitory

golgi cells are (excitatory/inhibitory)

excitatory

granule cells are (excitatory/inhibitory)

inhibitory

purkinje cells are (excitatory/inhibitory)

climbing

_______ fibers are axons from the inferior olivary nucleus

inferior olivary, ICP

climbing fibers from the ________ nucleus enter through the ______ peduncle

motor

climbing fibers bring _____ information

mossy

_______ fibers bring information from cerebellar tracts and a variety of other information

glutamate, excitatory

granule cells use the NT _______ which is _________

purkinje

the only axons that leave the cerebellar cortex are from the _______ cells

central nuclei of the cerebellum

axons from the purkinje cells terminate in the _____________________

T

T/F: there are some fibers from the cerebellar cortex of the flocculonodular lobe that proceed to the brain stem and vestibular nuclei

proximal dendritic trees of purkinje cells

climbing fibers synapse with the ________________________

neurons in the granular layer

mossy fibers synapse with the ________________________

glomerulus

mossy fiber synapses in the granular layer are a formation known as ____________

collaterals, central cerebellar nuclei

both mossy and climbing fibers send __________ to the ________________

fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate

in order from medial to lateral, the cerebellar nuclei are _______, _________, _________ and ________

extrinsic sources, purkinje cells

cerebellar nuclei get input from ___________ and the ____________

pontocerebellar, spinocerebellar, olivocerebellar

extrinsic input to the cerebellar nuclei consists of ________, _________, and ________ fibers

inhibitory

input from purkinje cells to central nuclei is (excitatory/inhibitory)

excitatory

input from outside the cerebellum to the central nuclei is (excitatory/inhibitory)

inhibitory signals, cortex

crudely processed information in the central nuclei is refined by the ___________ received from the ______

limit excitation

inhibitory circuits serve to __________ resulting from a volley of impulses delivered by a mossy fiber

inhibitory circuits

(excitatory relays / inhibitory circuits) include more synapses

• olivocerebellar fibers

• dorsal spinocerebellar tract

• cuneocerebellar tract

• vestibulocerebellar fibers

• trigeminal sensory nuclei

the inferior cerebellar peduncle contains afferents from the:

• cerebellar corticovestibular fibers

• cerebelloreticular fibers

the inferior cerebellar peduncle contains efferents to the:

• pontocerebellar fibers

the middle cerebellar peduncle contains afferents from the:

NONE; doesn’t have efferents

the middle cerebellar peduncle contains efferents to the:

• ventral spinocerebellar tract

• trigeminothalamic mesencephalic

• rostral spinocerebellar tract

the superior cerebellar peduncle contains afferents from the:

• cerebellothalamic fibers

• cerebellorubral fibers

the superior cerebellar peduncle contains efferents to the:

superior cerebellar

the deep nuclei are supplied by the ______________ artery

climbing

olivocerebellar fibers are ______ fibers

vestibular nuclei

the cerebellar corticovestibular fibers are headed to the ___________

ventral lateral VL nucleus of contralateral thalamus

the cerebellothalamic fibers are headed to the ______________________

ipsilateral red nucleus

the cerebellorubral fibers are headed to the ______________________

vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, pontocerebellum

the three functional cerebellar modules are the _____________, ______________ and _______________

flocculonodular lobe; vestibular nerve and nuclei

the vestibulocerebellum consists of the _________________ and receives input from the ______________

fastigial

some afferents of the vestibulocerebellum as they enter synapse on the ________ nucleus

• vestibulospinal tract

• medial longitudinal fasciculus

• reticulospinal fibers

the vestibulocerebellum influences motor neurons through the _________, ___________, and _________

adjustment of muscle tone

the vestibulocerebellum is concerned with __________________ in response to vestibular stimuli

vermis of the anterior lobe

the spinocerebellum consists of the ___________ as well as the adjacent areas

spinocerebellar, cuneocerebellar

the ______________ tracts and ________________ fibers which convey proprioceptive and other sensory information, terminate at the spinocerebellum

• ant and post spinocerebellar tracts

• cuneocerebellar tract

• olivocerebellar tract

the spinocerebellum gets input from:

fastigial, globose, and emboliform

fibers coming into the spinocerebellum synapse on the _____________________ nuclei on their way to the cortex

fastigial

vestibular information only goes to the ________ nucleus

axial musculature, limb musculature

the output of the spinocerebellum is primarily focused on the control of ____________ and _____________

vermal cortex, fastigial nucleus

axial musculature, like postural corrections, is controlled through the __________ and __________ efferents

globose and emboliform

limb musculature, like for locomotion, is controlled through efferents of the ____________ and ___________ nuclei

• large lateral parts of hemispheres

• superior vermis in the posterior lobe

the pontocerebellum consists of the ___________________ and the __________________

contralateral pontine nuclei

afferents to the pontocerebellum are from the ___________________

contralateral pontine nuclei

the pontocerebellum gets input from the ________________

pontocerebellar

_______________ fibers make up the entire middle cerebellar peduncle

dentate nucleus

pontocerebellar fibers synapse with the __________ on their way to the cerebellar cortex

VL of the thalamus; M1 cortex

efferents from the dentate nucleus terminate in the ______________ ; next neuron heads to the _____

superior cerebellar peduncle

efferents from the dentate nucleus leave the cerebellum through the _______________

corticopontine, pontocerebellar

through the _____________ and _____________ projections, the cortex of a cerebellar hemisphere receives information concerning volitional movements that are anticipated or in progress

superior colliculus

some of the pontine nuclei receive afferents from the ______________ and relay data used by the cerebellum in the control of visually guided movements

excitatory input

the output of the dentate nucleus fluctuates according to the ____________ from extra cerebellar sources and the refinement by inhibition from purkinje cells