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What is a buffer solution?
a solution which can resist changes to pH despite addition of small amounts of acid or alkali
give an example of an acidic buffer
excess ch3cooh and naoh
ch3cooh and ch3coona
equivalence point
the point in which sufficient base has been added to neutralise the acid
why excess ch2cooh is added
to produce more ch3coo-
why is salt required
equilibrium usually lies to the left, small amounts of anion produced
therefore the amount of anion produced increases so can resist changes in pH
why ph remains constant if acid is added to buffer (acidic buffer)
concentration of H+ ions increase, equilibrium shift to left to oppose changes, increase concentration of H+ ions
why pH remains constant if alkali is added to buffer (acidic buffer)
OH- ions react with H+ ions to produce water. Concentration of H+ decreases, equilibrium shifts to right to increase concentration of H+ ions
what is basic buffer a mixture of
NH3 and NH4Cl
excess NH3 and HCl