Pathogenic Microbiology Exam 2 Practice Questions

A

Which of the following cell types are observed in fibrotic granuloma due to latent tuberculosis?

A. Macrophages, CD4 and CD8 T cells

B. Macrophages and memory B cells

C. B-cells, BD4 and CD8 T cells

D. Platelets and NK cells

C

Alveolar macrophages

A. beat mucous up the respiratory tract

B. produce and release mucous lining respiratory tract

C. keep alveoli of lung sterile by phagocytosing and destroying invading bacteria

D. none of the above

A

ActA is a virulence factor that allows for actin based motility in which of the following organisms?

A. Listeria monocytogenes

B. Streptococcus pneumoniae

C. Streptococcus pyogenes

D. Bacillus anthracis

C

Which of the following proteins facilitates Listeria monocytogenes escaping from phagosome during infection?

A. Listeriolysin O

B. ActA

C. InlA

D. DotF

B

Eric, 35 male, works for a dog bakery making organic Rawhide dog bones using hides shipped from South Dakota. He visits a local emergency room complaining of fever and weakness. He also has swollen lymph nodes and black, ulcerated sores. Large, gram positive rod bacteria are isolated. Which is true of these bacteria?

A. The organism is a gram positive cocci

B. The organism can form endospores.

C. The organism is a gram negative rod.

D. The reserved for the organism is human oropharynx.

B

True or false: Eric is at risk of spreading his Bacillus anthracis infection to his coworkers.

A. True

B. False

D

Rheumatic fever is caused by:

A. Spe toxin causing an inappropriate immune response

B. IgA protease disrupting normal immune response to Strep pyogenes

C. Antibodies to capsular polysaccharides cross reading with myosin of heart muscle fibers

D. Antibodies to M protein cross reading with myosin protein of heart muscle fibers.

A

Diphtheria toxin

A. inhibits translation

B. damages cell membranes

C. forms pores in cell membranes

D. inhibits DNA replication

C

Nic presents with nausea, cramping and vomiting after eating fried rice at a buffet. What organism is the cause of Nic's illness?

A. Streptococcus pyogenes

B. Legionella pneumophila

C. Bacillus cereus

D. Listeria monocytogenes

A

True or false: Nic's B. cereus food poisoning does not require treatment with antibiotics because it is self-limiting and should resolve within 8-10 hours.

B

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Mycobacterium tuberculosis:

A. Humans are the natural reservoir

B. The organism has a doubling time of 20 minutes.

C. The organism is spread through inhalation of contaminated droplets.

D. The organism has a unique cell wall that is neither gram positive or gram negative.

B

Deletion of the gene dotF in Legionella pneumophila results in a strain unable to produce a functional Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. The resulting strain is

A. capable of intracellular growth

B. not capable of intracellular growth

C. capable of intracellular growth in macrophages but not protozoa

D. not capable of growth on agar plates

B

There was a gastrointestinal outbreak associated with roast beef. The cases presented the same symptoms: watery diarrhea, nausea, fever, myalgia. Two pregnant women have suffered miscarriages. Which of the following organisms is most likely the cause of this outbreak?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. Listeria monocytogenes

C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

D. Bacillus cereus

B

The minimum inhibitor concentration is

A. the minimum concentration of antibiotic needed for killing bacteria

B. the minimum concentration of antibiotic that inhibits growth of bacteria

C. minimum concentration of antibiotic that is considered a therapeutic dose

D. the minimum concentration of antibiotic that will kill multiple species of bacteria

A

The ciliated epithelial cells found in the pharynx

A. beat mucous up the respiratory tract

B. produce and release mucous lining respiratory tract

C. keep alveoli of lung sterile by phagocytosing and destroying invading bacteria

D. none of the above

D

Which of the following is an intracellular pathogen that prevents maturation of the phagolysosome and establishes a replication vacuole resembling ER?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. Streptococcus pyogenes

C. Legionella pneumophila

D. Listeria monocytogenes

C

Which of the following organisms requires an acid-fast strain to visualize under a microscope?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. Bacillus anthracis

C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

D. Legionella pneumophila

E. Listeria monocytogenes

A

A man arrives in the ER with a fever of 39*C, a shaking chill, and a productive cough with blood tinged sputum. He also complains of headache and myalgia. Sputum samples text positive for growth on blood agar plates. Which of the following do you believe is causing his illness?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. Listeria monocytogenes

C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

D. Legionella pneumophila

B

Which of the following antibiotics would be used in an appropriate treatment regimen for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A. Tetracycline

B. Penicillin

C. Ciprofloxacin

D. Isoniazid

C

A bacterial strain of Streptococcus progenies lacks the gene for Spe toxin. The resulting strain

A. is unable to escape the phagosome

B. is unable to induce uptake into intestinal epithelial cells

C. will not cause Scarlett fever

D. is unable to infect the lower respiratory tract

D

Bacillus anthracis lethal factor (LF) is a toxin that

A. inhibits protein synthesis

B. forms a pore that allows entry of protective antigen and edema factor into host cell

C. is an adenylate cyclase that increases cAMP levels

D. increases macrophage apoptosis

B

True or false: The natural reservoir of Bacillus anthraces is unvaccinated cattle.

C

Which of the following is not a mechanism of antibiotic resistance?

A. Bacteria is impermeable to antibiotic

B. Drug inactivation by an enzyme produced by the bacteria.

C. Flagellar motility moves bacteria away from the drug

D. The bacteria pumps the drug out of its cytoplasm using a protein efflux pump.

C

The natural reservoir for Streptococcus pyogenes is

A. soil

B. water

C. humans

D. Tse tse fly

D

Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA):

A. inhibits translation in macrophages leading to cell death.

B. is an adenylate cyclase that increases the level of cAMP in the cell up to 1000x causing rapid efflux of electrolytes and water.

C. is a metalloprotease that interferes with cell signaling pathways, preventing normal macrophage function, and causes apoptosis.

D. interacts with edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) allowing both proteins to enter the cytoplasm of cells.

A

Which of the following organisms can form endospores?

A. Bacillus anthracis

B. Streptococcus pneumoniae

C. Listeria monocytogenes

D. Salmonella enterica

A

Which of the following organisms is NOT an intracellular pathogen?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

C. Legionella pneumophila

D. Listeria monocytogenes

A

The natural reservoir for Bordetella pertussis is:

A. Humans

B. Water

C. Soil

D. Fleas

A

In June 2018, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in Waxhachie, TX linked to contaminated fried rice sold at an Asian King Buffet location. Symptoms were observed within 8 hours of eating the contaminated rice and included effusive vomiting with abdominal cramping.

True or False: The gastroenteritis outbreak linked to the Asian King Buffet is most likely due to an intoxication event and not an infection.

A. True

B. False

C

Leia, a 35 year old female and recent immigrant from Alderon, was in good health until she began experiencing a chronic cough. Over 2 months, her cough worsens producing a rust-tinged sputum. She also notes a decreased appetite, a 15lb weight loss, and a regular fever. Gram stain of sputum samples fail to show bacteria. Further questioning reveals Leia was a nurse's aid at an HIV clinic in Alderon. Dr. Kenobi diagnoses Leia with:

A. Typhoid Fever

B. Diphetheria

C. Tuberculosis

D. Pertussis

D

Leia, a 35 year old female and recent immigrant from Alderon, was in good health until she began experiencing a chronic cough. Over 2 months, her cough worsens producing a rust-tinged sputum. She also notes a decreased appetite, a 15lb weight loss, and a regular fever. Gram stain of sputum samples fail to show bacteria. Further questioning reveals Leia was a nurse's aid at an HIV clinic in Alderon. Which of the following diagnostic tests would you use to confirm Dr. Kenobi's diagnosis?

A. Culture of sputum on Blood Agar plates.

B. Nasopharyngeal swab and culture on MacConkey Agar plates.

C. Gram stain of sputum.

D. Acid fast stain of sputum.

C

Leia, a 35 year old female and recent immigrant from Alderon, was in good health until she began experiencing a chronic cough. Over 2 months, her cough worsens producing a rust-tinged sputum. She also notes a decreased appetite, a 15lb weight loss, and a regular fever. Gram stain of sputum samples fail to show bacteria. Further questioning reveals Leia was a nurse's aid at an HIV clinic in Alderon. Which of the following drugs is part of an effective treatment for Leia's illness?

A. Penicillin

B. Ciprofloxacin

C. Isoniazid

D. Tetracycline

C

Eddard S. (male, 45) arrives at Dr. Snow's office with a chronic cough accompanied by bouts of vomiting. Eddard complains that his cough began 2-3 weeks ago, initially with common cold-like symptoms, but the cough has worsened and become more repetitive. Eddard's sons, Bran (male, 7) and Rickon (male, 3) began exhibiting common cold-like symptoms two days prior to Eddard's appointment with Dr. Snow. Dr. Snow tests Eddard using a Nasopharyngeal swab. Cultures on blood agar plates demonstrate Gram negative, cocco-bacilli (short-rounded rods). Dr. Snow, anxious to leave on his vacation to Castle Black, asks you to take over the Stark family's care. What organism do you believe is the cause of Eddard's infection?

A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

B. Escherichia coli

C. Bordetella pertussis

D. Streptococcus pneumoniae

C

Eddard S. (male, 45) arrives at Dr. Snow's office with a chronic cough accompanied by bouts of vomiting. Eddard complains that his cough began 2-3 weeks ago, initially with common cold-like symptoms, but the cough has worsened and become more repetitive. Eddard's sons, Bran (male, 7) and Rickon (male, 3) began exhibiting common cold-like symptoms two days prior to Eddard's appointment with Dr. Snow. Dr. Snow tests Eddard using a Nasopharyngeal swab. Cultures on blood agar plates demonstrate Gram negative, cocco-bacilli (short-rounded rods). Dr. Snow, anxious to leave on his vacation to Castle Black, asks you to take over the Stark family's care.

Which of the treatments below is most appropriate for Bran's disease?

A. Ampicillin

B. Penicillin

C. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

D. Supportive Care, no antibiotic is needed.

A

Eddard S. (male, 45) arrives at Dr. Snow's office with a chronic cough accompanied by bouts of vomiting. Eddard complains that his cough began 2-3 weeks ago, initially with common cold-like symptoms, but the cough has worsened and become more repetitive. Eddard's sons, Bran (male, 7) and Rickon (male, 3) began exhibiting common cold-like symptoms two days prior to Eddard's appointment with Dr. Snow. Dr. Snow tests Eddard using a Nasopharyngeal swab. Cultures on blood agar plates demonstrate Gram negative, cocco-bacilli (short-rounded rods). Dr. Snow, anxious to leave on his vacation to Castle Black, asks you to take over the Stark family's care.Which of the treatments below is most appropriate for Eddard's disease?

A. Supportive care, no antibiotic required

B. Ampicillin

C. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

D. Penicillin

A

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) grows _____________________ cells.

A. intracellularly in superficial bladder

B. extracellularly on hepatic stellate cells.

C. extracellularly on urinary track epithelium

D. extracellularly on superficial bladder cells

A

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is isolated from the stool of a person with bacterial dysentery utilizing a MacConkey agar plate. The bacterial colonies on the MacConkey agar are:

A. pink

B. This organism does not grow on MacConkey agar.

C. green with black centers.

D. white

C

Dr. Strummer is working with a clinical isolate of Salmonella enterica that has been shown to cause a milder form of Salmonellosis (gastroenteritis due to Salmonella). Dr. Strummer sequences the chromosome of the bacteria and finds that it lacks the SPI-1 pathogenicity island. Dr. Strummer names this strain of bacteria S. enterica UNH in honor of his alma mater. Which of the following is true about S. enterica UNH?

A. S. enterica UNH can replicate intracellularly in intestinal epithelial cells, M-cells, and dendritic cells.

B. S. enterica UNH can replicate intracellularly in intestinal epithelial cells, but not in M-cells, and dendritic cells.

C. S. enterica UNH can replicate intracellularly in M-cells and dendritic cells, but not in intestinal epithelial cells.

D. S. enterica UNH cannot replicate intracellularly in any cell type.

C

A TSI agar test of an unknown bacteria results in yellow media in the slant and a completely black butt. Which of the following is true of the unknown bacteria:

A. The bacteria can only ferment glucose and reduce sulfur.

B. The bacteria can ferment lactose or sucrose.

C. The bacteria can ferment lactose or sucrose and reduce sulfur.

D. The bacteria can ferment lactose.

D

After 1-2 days of a sore throat, fever, and malaise patient Bon Scott, male 27, visits the emergency room. The attending physician, Dr.Young, notes swelling of the neck, and a white pseudomembrane forming on the patient's nasopharynx. Gram stain of a sample obtained by nasopharyngeal swab demonstrates gram-positive rods. What is your diagnosis?

A. Salmonellosis

B. Pertussis

C. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

D. Diphtheria

C

After 1-2 days of a sore throat, fever, and malaise patient Bon Scott, male 27, visits the emergency room. The attending physician, Dr.Young, notes swelling of the neck, and a white pseudomembrane forming on the patient's nasopharynx. Gram stain of a sample obtained by nasopharyngeal swab demonstrates gram-positive rods.

How would you treat Bon Scott?

A. antibiotic, vaccination

B. anti-toxin, vaccination

C. antibiotic, anti-toxin, vaccination

D. antibiotic, anti-toxin

C

After 1-2 days of a sore throat, fever, and malaise patient Bon Scott, male 27, visits the emergency room. The attending physician, Dr.Young, notes swelling of the neck, and a white pseudomembrane forming on the patient's nasopharynx. Gram stain of a sample obtained by nasopharyngeal swab demonstrates gram-positive rods.

Which virulence factor would you expect to find in the organism causing Bon Scott's illness?

A. Shiga Toxin

B. Filamentous Hemaglutinin

C. Diphtheria Toxin

D. Protective Antigen

C

At high concentrations ______________ , a virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, will kill ciliated epithelial cells of the upper respiratory track:

A. Cholera toxin

B. Shiga Toxin

C. Tracheal Cytotoxin

D. Filamentous Hemaglutinin (FHA)

B

True or False: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome caused be EHEC should be treated with ciprofloxacin to prevent Kidney failure.

A. True

B. False

A

Which of the following virulence factors is important for adherence of Urinary pathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to superficial bladder cells?

A. Bundle forming Pilus (BFP)

B. Shiga toxin

C. Cholera toxin

D. Filamentous Hemaglutinin (FHA)

C

Which of the following organisms is an intracellular pathogen that replicates freely in the cytoplasm?

A. Salmonella enterica

B. Clostridium difficile

C. Shigella dysenteriae

D. Bordetella pertussis

C

Which of the following is a common characteristic of family Enterobacteriaceae:

A. All family members can form endospores

B. All family members are gram positive

C. All family members are facultative anaerobes

D. All family members can ferment lactose

B

Enterpathogenic E. coli (EPEC) utilizes a Type III Secretion System to secrete Tir into intestinal epithelial cells. The function of Tir is

A. Promote uptake of the bacteria into the intestinal epithelial cell

B. Interact with intimin (another bacterial protein) and promote pedestal formation and microvilli effacement

C. Induce apoptosis of the intestinal cell

D. None of the above

A

Which of the following organisms is an intracellular pathogen that modifies the phagosome/endosome and establishes a replicative vacuole?

A. Salmonella enterica

B. Clostridium difficile

C. Shigella dysenteriae

D. Bordetella pertussis