Human Eye Anatomy and Visual Processing: Key Structures and Functions

Cornea

where light enters the eye.

Lens

focuses light rays on the retina.

Iris

colored ring of muscle that controls the size of the pupil by constricting or dilating depending on light.

Pupil

opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Retina

absorbs light, processes images, and sends information to the brain.

Fovea

central point in the retina; contains only cones and provides sharp, high-acuity vision.

Optic disk

spot where the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot.

Optic Nerve

The optic nerve carries visual information (neural impulses) from the retina to the brain. It transmits signals through the optic chiasm, where some fibers cross over to the opposite hemisphere, allowing both sides of the brain to process visual input from each eye.