FM 15 Pregnancy & Foetal

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58 Terms

1
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Oocyte must be fertilize within ? hours
24h
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Sperm survive for ? hours
48
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Fertilized egg is called
zygote
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Genetic material is passed onto which cells?
Daughter cells
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How many cells are present 2 days after fertilization?
4 cells
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How many cells are present 3 days after fertilization?
16 cells (morula)
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How many cells are present 4 days after fertilization?
\~100 cells
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When does the fertilized oocyte reach the uterus?
Day 4
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When the fertilized oocyte reaches uterus, the fluid filled space formed is called
blastocyst
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Which cells becomes the embryo in cleavage?
Inner cells
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Which cells is needed for placenta formation in cleavage?
Trophoblast cells
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What is cleavave?
Single cell becomes subdivided into smaller cells
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6-7 days after ovulation, ___ attaches to ___
Blastocyst/Endometrium
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Implantation is usually low in the uterus T/F
False. High
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Endometrium ___ at point of contact with blastocyst
thickens
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What happens to trophoblast cells in implantation?
Devide, form layers, extend into endometrium
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Implantation complete by day ? after ovulation?
\~ 12
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Role of progesteron and oestrogen after fertilization?
Prevent break down of endometrium
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Trophoblast cells secret which hormone?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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hCG role?
Maintain CL
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When does hCG level peak?
\~ 2 months
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What hormone is tested in pregnancy test?
hCG duh
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What happens to hCG level after placenta is able to produce hormone?
Drop gradually
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What is implantation?
When a fertilized egg attaches to endometrium
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First signal to produce hCG?
Implantation
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What is placentation?
Embryo & endometrium tissues form **placenta**
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Are you tired?
Take a rest then come back. It’s ok
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What is chorion?
Inner mass cells divide & line inner surface of trophoblast

(one of the membranes between fetus & mother, exchange nutrition)
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Chorion function?
Contact mother’s blood supply and form new blood vessels
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When is the placenta fully functional?
3rd month
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What carries oxygen and nutrients from the placenta into fetus's blood
Umbilical cord - correct

Umbilical vein/Ductus venosus - acceptable
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When does the fetus have a basic heart and blood vessel?
3rd week - and you took longer than that to study a single module
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What carries oxygenated blood from placeta?
Umbilical vein correct

Umbilical cord acceptable
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Oxygenated blood is carried from placeta via ___
ductus veno**sus**
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Oxygenated blood is emptied into ? of the fetus
inferior vena cava (right heart)
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**Liver is bypassed** when deoxygenated blood is carried to the fetus T/F
False. Liver & lung are bypassed but it’s oxygenated blood

Liver & lung does not work fully until after birth
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What empties deoxygenated blood and waste into placenta?
Aorta
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What is the hole inbetween left and right atria of fetus?
Foramen ovale
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What transfer most venous blood into the aorta?
ductus arteriosus
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Fetus length at 8 weeks
22mm
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Fetal characteristic at 8 weeks
Very large head

All major organs present
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Fetus length at 9-12 weeks
90mm
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Fetus length at 13-16 weeks
150mm
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Fetal characteristic at 13-16 weeks
Sensory organs in correct position

Increase in body size (this is so obvious???)
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Fetus length at 17-20 weeks
190mm
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When is fetal position assume?
17-20 weeks

eg head should face down, facing mother’s back ect
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Fetus length at 21-30 weeks
280mm
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Lung is fully developed at week 28 T/F
False
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Fetus length & weight at 30-40 weeks
360mm, 3.2kg
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What the hell is Parturition
Childbirth
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Oestrogen level near the end of pregnancy?
Increase
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What does increased level of oestrogen near childbirth cause?
Cause oxytocin receptors on myometrium
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Oxytocin induces contraction
It’s not on the lecture note just random information
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Prostaglandins is produced by
Placenta and fetal cells
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Prostaglandins role in childbirth (not on test hopefully)
Induces unimaginable amounts of pain to discourage young women from starting families

\
Also helps dilate cervix and cause uterine contractions to push the baby out but that’s a minor role ig
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Oxytocin & prostaglandins level is increased in a positive feedback loop T/F
True. When will this pain end
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List some physiological changes in mothers during pregnancy
Nausea

Heartburn (acid reflux)

Constipation

Incontinence (bladder muscles don’t work as usual)

Dyspnoea (diff breathing)

Cardiovascular effects (separate question)
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Cardiovascular effects of pregnancy
↑ blood volume

↑ blood pressure (hypertension or preeclampsia in 10%)

↓ venous return