RCIS

negative

what charge is AVR

atrial depolarization

p wave

ventricle depolarization

QRS

ventricles repolarize

T wave

sa, av, bundle of his, r and l bundle branches, purkinje fibers

order of conduction system

deep s wave v1 larger r wave v5

signs in EKG for left ventricle hypertrophy, 2

R wave in v1 positive to v6 negative

signs in EKG for right ventricle hypertrophy, 1

peak T waves

Ekg sign for early MI

inverted T waves

EKG sign for ischemia

low q wave

EKG sign for infarction

mitral regurgitation

complication post MI in inferior wall

inferior wall

Leads 11, 111, avf part of the heart

RCA

Leads 11, 111, avf coronary

inferior wall

RCA is affected by what side of the heart

anterior wall

Leads v1,v2,v3,v4 is what part of the heart

LAD

anterior wall of the heart affects what vessel

v1,v2,v3,v4

what leads are affected for LAD

lateral wall

Leads 1, avl, v5, v6 affect what part of the heart

circumflex

The lateral wall affects what vessel

2nd degree type 2 or infranodel 3rd heart block

what arrythma do you need to worry about with an anterior wall MI

I negative avf negative

what does the EKG look like for extreme right axis deviation; I and avf

right axis deviation

lead I is negative and lead avf is positive; ekg

I postive avf positive

whats a normal ekg leads I and avf look like

I positive avf negative

what does the ekg look like for left axis deviation

60-100

rate of sinus rhythm

40-60

rate of AV rhythm

20-40

rate of ventricle rhythm

atria and ventricles

sympathetic nervous system effects what parts of the heart

increase hr, increase conduction, increase irritability

sympathetic nervous system causes what

only atria

parasympathetic nervous system effects what parts of the heart

decrease hr, decrease conduction, decrease irritability

parasympathetic nervous system causes what

0.04

each box in ekg is how many seconds

interventricular groove

where does the LCA lay

sinus of valsalva

what protects coronary arteries during systole

diastole

most coronary blood flow is during

central venous pressure

another term for RA pressure

aortic diastole

what is the driving pressure

ao diastole - ra pressure

how do you figure the amount of pressure to the coronaries

thebesian veins

what empties deoxygenated blood to left ventircle

vasodilates

what does intracoronary adenosine do

double

what should adenosine do to pressure

Fractional flow reserve

the ratio of maximal flow in stenotic artery to maximal flow in same artery

less than 0.80

at what value do you intervene an FFR lesion

0.5-1 mm/sec

how many seconds should an IVUS pullback take

1mm

dot to dot in IVUS is what measurement

IVUS

what is good to access stent deployment

increases aortic end diastole, increases coronary perfusion

what does the balloon pump do

intima, basal lamina, media, adventitia

layers of a cell

media

what part of a cell contains smooth muscle cells

adventitia

what part of the cell contains connective tissue

vasovasorum

blood vessels own supply feeds the wall of coronaries itself

posterior and inferior

what does the PDA feed wall

85

what percent of people are right dominant

7

what percent of people are co dominant

8

what percent are left dominant

RAO

Cx is in front, what view

LAO

LAD is in front, what view

RAO

spine is on left, what view

LAO

spine is on right, what view

RAO

apex points to the right, what view

LAO

apex points to the left, what view

RAO

RCA looks like an L, what view

LAO

RCA looks like an C, what view

cranial

diaphragm seen on the bottom of screen, what view

caudal

spine is seen on bottom left or right, what view

rao cranial

view

rao caudal

view

lao cranial

View

lao caudal

view

lao caudal

whats the spider shot

LAD

in LAO caudal what vessel is on top

diagonals and septals

LAD has what branches

left atrial branch, obtuse marginals, possibly PDA

CX has what branches

conus, sa nodal, rv bronchus, acute marginals, av nodal, possibly PDA

RCA has what branches

intermediate ramus

branch between LAD and CX

hypokinesis

little contraction of LV wall

asyneresis

diminished contraction of part of LV wall

akinesis

no contraction of part of the LV wall

dyskinesis

bulging, opposite of contraction of part of the LV wall

asynchrony

contractions but at different times throughout the LV walls

mitral regurgitation

RAO Lv gram is used to show

septal defect and aortic regurgitation

LAO Lv gram is used to show

deep breath

what can the patient do to help prior to coronary injection to move diaphragm out of xray view

cx

in most oblique x- ray views what is closest to the backbone

myocardial bridge

a segment of the LAD that occludes during systole and opens during diastole

LAD

what vessel is anterior

cx and obtuse marginal

what vessels are lateral/ posterior

same

which cardiac output is larger LV or RV

PA

mixed venous blood should be taken from

68 76 73 75 75 95, 95, 95

normal o2 sats SVC, IVC, RA, RV, PA, PCW, LV, AO

40

normal o2 sat for coronary sinus

lower

the lower the CO what happens to the o2 sats

4-8 l/min

normal CO

2.5-4 l/mim/m2

normal CI

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

heart rate is controlled by what

increases

decreasing blood pressure does what to the heart rate

stretch and baroreceptors

what is stimulated to decrease bp and increase heart rate

chemoreceptors

what reads o2 levels and ph levels

aortic arch and carotid sinuses

where are baroreceptors located

aortic arch

arterial chemoreceptors are located where