History 1301 - Exam 3 Study Guide

These flashcards cover key terms, events, and significant figures from the lectures in preparation for the upcoming exam in History 1301.

Elections of 1788

The first presidential election in the U.S., characterized by competition between Federalists and Anti-Federalists, leading to Washington's nearly unanimous election and establishing democratic power transfer.

Federalists

A political group that supported a strong central government and was instrumental in shaping the U.S. government framework.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of a strong central government who advocated for state rights and were influential during the ratification of the Constitution.

Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution that guarantee individual rights and limit the government's powers.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Legislation that established the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, strengthening federal authority and judicial independence.

Bank of the United States

A financial institution created to manage government funds, support economic growth, and establish a standard U.S. currency.

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 uprising by Pennsylvania farmers against Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey, demonstrating federal enforcement of its laws.

Fugitive Slave Law of 1793

A law requiring judges to return escaped slaves to their owners, even if caught in free states, highlighting tensions regarding slavery.

Edmond Genet

A French diplomat who attempted to rally American support for France's war efforts, defying U.S. neutrality and causing diplomatic tensions.

French Revolution

A period of political upheaval in France inspired by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution, leading to American political divisions.

Haitian Revolution

The successful slave rebellion in Saint Domingue that led to independence and impacted American perceptions of slavery and abolitionism.

Pinckney’s Treaty

An agreement with Spain that allowed Americans to navigate the Mississippi River freely and boosted U.S. trade and settlement.

Jay’s Treaty

A 1794 treaty with Britain addressing unresolved post-Revolution issues, ultimately maintaining peace but causing internal political division.

Republican Motherhood

The ideological belief that women should raise children to be virtuous citizens, emphasizing their role in shaping future American values.

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident between France and the U.S. that escalated tensions and contributed to quasi-war, demonstrating the fragility of U.S.-France relations.

Quasi War

An undeclared naval conflict between the U.S. and France driven by maritime issues and political tensions from the XYZ Affair.

Gabriel’s Rebellion

A planned slave revolt in Virginia that ultimately failed, highlighting the rising tension and fear of slave uprisings in America.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws passed to restrict freedoms and security during the war with France, leading to backlash and increased political divisions.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Political statements that asserted states could nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional, setting the stage for conflicts over states' rights.

Election of 1800

The first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in U.S. history, marking a significant moment in American democracy.

Judiciary Act of 1801

Last-minute legislation by Adams that reduced Supreme Court seats to maintain Federalist control, later repealed by Jefferson.

Jeffersonianism

The political philosophy advocating limited government, agrarian economy, and strict constitutional interpretation.

Marbury v. Madison

The landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Court to invalidate unconstitutional laws.

Tripoli-Barbary War

Conflict driven by pirate attacks on American shipping, leading to increased tensions and military engagement by the U.S.

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France that doubled the size of the U.S. and raised constitutional questions.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Exploratory mission to map the newly acquired Louisiana territory and find a route to the Pacific, enhancing U.S. geographic knowledge.

Embargo of 1807

A trade ban enacted by Jefferson against Britain and France as a response to maritime disputes, severely hurting the U.S. economy.

Tecumseh

A Native American leader who sought to unite tribes against American expansion, creating a significant resistance movement.

Chesapeake Campaign

British military attacks on Washington D.C. during the War of 1812 that resulted in the burning of major government buildings.

Battle of New Orleans

A decisive American victory led by Andrew Jackson occurring after the Treaty of Ghent was signed, solidifying Jackson’s national popularity.

Era of Good Feelings

A period marked by national unity and a decline in partisan divisions following the War of 1812, despite underlying tensions.

Missouri Compromise

Legislation attempting to maintain a balance between free and slave states, temporarily easing sectional tensions over slavery.

Panic of 1819

The first major economic crisis in the U.S. following the War of 1812, triggered by banking practices and falling cotton prices.

Simón Bolívar

A revolutionary leader who played a key role in Latin American independence movements, influencing anti-colonial sentiment.

The Monroe Doctrine

A foreign policy statement warning European powers against further colonization in the Western Hemisphere, setting a precedent for U.S. politics.

AME Church

The African Methodist Episcopal Church established as an independent African American denomination, significant in civil rights activism.

Industrialization in the North

The transformation of the Northern U.S. economy into an industrial powerhouse due to immigration, technological advances, and capital investment.

Lowell Textile Factory

A textile mill in New England employing young women under harsh conditions, leading to early labor activism and strikes.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention that advocated for gender equality and suffrage, launching the women's rights movement.