all (how far hitler fp caused ww2)

What are the 8 interpretations for why WW2 started?

Intentionalist

Structuralist

Synthesis

Appeasement

GER FP/Prussian millitraism

Fear of communism

Failure of collective security

Roles of lesser players FRA/ITA

What is the appeasement interpretation?

WW2 started due to GBR policies of appeasing Hitler

When was the appeasement interpretation popular?

WW2-early 60s

What interpretation was popular WW2-early 60s?

Appeasement

What is the intentionalist interpretation?

Hitler's intentional policies are what caused WW2

When was the intentionalist interpretation popular?

Late 40s- 90s

What interpretation was popular late 40s- 90s?

Intentionalist

What is the GER FP/Prussian militarism interpretation?

WW2 was just a continuation of Imperial GER FP

When was the GER FP/Prussian militarism interpretation popular?

Early 60s

What is the structuralist interpretation?

WW2 was a reaction to the poly attic Nazi state and needs of economy

When was the structuralist interpretation popular?

Late 60s-90s

What interpretation was popular late 60s-90s?

Structuralist

What is the synthesis interpretation?

Both structuralist and intentionalist

When was synthesis popular?

From 90s

Which interpretation was poplular form the 90s?

Synthesis

4 reasons for the failure of collective security

•US unwilling to get involved in EUR affairs coz Roosevelt wanted peace

•US didn't join LON

•USSR barred from joining LON

•LON weakness shown in reaction to Abyssinia (1935) crisis

Why was the US unwilling to get involved in EUR affairs?

Roosevelt wanted peace

What group didn't the US join?

LON

Who was barred from joining LON?

USSR

What was the USSR barred from joining?

LON

What highlighted the weakness of LON?

Reaction to Abyssinia (1935) crisis

What is Hitler's Stufenplan?

Stage by stage plan

What is the German name for Hitler's stage by stage plan?

Stufenplan

What ideology influenced Hitler's worldview and foreign policy?

Social Darwinism

What did Hitler think the Russian gov was apart of?

A jewish world conspiracy

Why did Hitler want more land?

Lebensraum

Help GER achieve autarky

What type of state was the Nazi state?

Chaotic monocratic polycratic state

What did GER being a polycratic state lead to?

WTF (working towards the fuhrer)

What did Hitler admire Britain for?

Their control over 400 million Indians

Inspired by a movie about British soldiers fighting natives in India called 'Lives of a Bengal Laneer'

Saw it as conformation of superiority of Aryan race

What was the movie that inspired Hitler called?

Lives of a Bengal Laneer

What did the British control of 400 million Indians confirm for Hitler?

Superiority of Aryan race

Hitler wanted GBR as an ally which goes against the

intentionalism interpretation

What was Goering for the Four year plan?

Plenipotentiary

Shows Hitler influenced by others

How many phone calls to Vienna did Goering make?

27

Who made 27 phone calls to Vienna and why?

Goering to try and secure Anschluss (1938)

Hitler wanted Anschluss (1938) peacefully but

Goering pushed for aggression:

-made 27 phone calls to Vienna

-made command for GER army to invade

Shows Hitler influenced by others

2 ways Goering pushed for aggression in Anschluss (1938)

-made 27 phone calls to Vienna

-made command for GER army to invade

Shows Hitler influenced by others

Ribbentrop stopped

efforts to stop war by:

-forbidding POL ambassador to negotiate

-refused to pass on reports regarding crisis to Hitler because it didn't support Hitler's personal perspective

Shows Hitler influenced by others

2 ways Ribbentrop stopped efforts to stop war

-Forbade POL ambassador from negotiating

-refused to pass on reports regarding crisis to Hitler because it didn't support Hitler's personal perspective

Shows Hitler influenced by others

Hossbach memorandum (1937) evidence contradicting Hitler as master planner

Hossbach Memorandum (1937) made no mention of war with USSR

Ribbentrop evidence contradicting Hitler being influenced by others

1940: Ribbentrop suggested a real alliance b/t GER + USSR but Hitler rejected it coz didn't fit his ideologies

What did Ribbentrop suggest in 1940 and why did Hitler reject it?

Real alliance b/t GER and USSR but Hitler rejected it coz didn't fit his ideologies

Shows Hitler not being influenced by others

Key evidence for Intentionalism interpretation

25 point plan (1920)

Mein Kampf (1925)

Secret book (1928)

4 year plan (1936)

Hossbach memorandum (1937)

What year was the 25 point plan?

1920

What year was Main Kampf published?

1925

What year was Hitler's secret book published?

1928

What year was the 4 year plan?

1936

What year was the Hossbach memorandum?

1937

When did Italy invade Abyssinia?

1935

What did Italy do in 1935?

Invade Abyssinia

ITA events (3)

1935: Invasion of Abyssinia

1936: Sign Anti- Comintern pact

1939: Pact of Steel

Why were GBR + FRA so shocked by the invasion of Abyssinia?

Mussolini used poison gas

3 consequences of ITA invasion of Abyssinia

-ITA forced to ally with GER as GBR + FRA don't want to associate

-League of Nations imposed sanctions that don't end up affecting ITA showing LON powerlessness

-Hitler uses ally distraction to invade Rhineland

When ITA invaded Abyssinia LON imposed sanctions but

they didn't end up affecting ITA so showed LON to be powerless

When do ITA sign the anti-comintern pact?

1936

What did ITA sign in 1936?

Anti-comintern pact

What was the anti-comintern pact (1936)

Treaty with GER+JPA to oppose communists

What did ITA sign in 1939?

Pact of Steel

When was the Pact of Steel signed?

1939

What is the Pact of Steel (1939)?

GER+ITA pledge military support for each other in case of war

What was FRA's defensive line?

Maginot line on the border

What was the political division in FRA?

Left wanted strong policy towards GER

Right cared about USSR

4 reasons for FRA being weak

•Political divisions

•Public opposition to rearmament

•FRA generals thought they could repel GER invasion using Maginot line

•Reliant on GBR

What did the FRA public have opposition to?

Rearmament

Why didn't FRA start rearmament?

Public opposition to it

FRA was reliant on

GBR

Before the invasion of CZE 1939 Nazis showed what type of policy?

Revisonist foreign policy

The invasion of CZE in 1939 was the start of what new type of Nazi policy?

Expansionist foreign policy

When was the Non-aggression pact with Poland?

1934

For 10 years

How long was the 1934 Non-aggression pact with Poland and what did it do?

10 years

Weakened French security system by making Poland less dependant on France

When was the Saar plebiscite?

1935

What was the Saar plebiscite in 1935? (3)

90% voted in favour of rejoining GER

Reversal of TOV

Nazis wanted Saarland economic resources

How many voted in favour of rejoining GER at the Saar plebiscite 1935?

90%

When was the Anglo-German Naval Agreement?

1935

What was the Anglo-GER Naval agreement 1935?

GER navy limited to 35% of Britain's

What limited the GER navy to 35% of Britain's?

Anglo-GER Naval agreement 1935

When was the remilitarisation of the Rhineland?

1936

What was the remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1936? (4)

20,000 GER troops march to Rhineland

Prepared to retreat if met with a French military reaction but there is none (which is what Hitler gambled on)

Allies distracted by Abyssinia crisis

Hitler wanted Rhineland for military and economic strength

How many troops marched on the remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1936?

20,000

Were GER troops met with any French military resistance when marching on the Rhineland 1936?

No

Allies distracted by Abyssinia crisis

When did Hitler start intervening in the ESP civil war and how?

From 1936

Hitler sent troops to aid General Franck's uprising

How did Hitler start intervening in the ESP civil war from 1936?

Sent troops to aid General Franck's uprising

When was the axis and anti-comintern pact?

1936

What was the axis and anti-comintern pact 1936? (3)

Hitler makes alliances with Italy + Japan

Hitler sends Condor legion (5,000 men,117 planes,48 tanks) to Franco

GER then gains military experience,economic concessions and closer links with Mussolini who also sent aid

What 3 things does GER get from axis and anti-comintern pact?

Military experience

Economic concessions

Closer ties to Mussolini who also sent aid to Franco

Figures of the Condor legion sent to Franco 1936

5,000 men

117 planes

48 tanks

What sent to Franco in 1936 had 5,000 men, 117 planes and 48 tanks?

Condor Legion

When was the Hossbach meeting?

1937

What was the Hossbach meeting 1937?

Hitler tells generals to increase rearmament in prep for major war in the 1940s

When did Hitler tell generals to prepare for rearmament for major war in the 1940s?

Hossbach meeting 1937

When was Anschluss?

1938

What was Anschluss?

Union of Austria and Germany

Who was a key figure for Anschluss and how?

Goering

Convinced Schuschnigg to resign

Events of Anschluss 1938 (4)

Chancellor Schuschnigg bullied into accepting Nazi ministers so calls a plebiscite on Anschluss

Hitler pressures gov into postponing

GER army invades and is well received

Hitler annexes Austria

Where is Sudentan?

Part of CZE

When was the Sudenten crisis and the Munich agreement?

1938

Who was a key figure in the Sudenten crisis and the Munich agreement and how?

Goering because he brokered the deal

What was the Sudenten crisis and the Munich agreement? (3)

Chamberlain meets Hitler and arranges for transfer of Sudentenland to GER

2nd meeting Hitler demands immediate transfer (threat of invasion)

Munich conference: 10th Oct decided as Sudentenland handover date

What was agreed at the Munich conference 1938?

Hand over Sudentenland by 10th Oct

What was the agreed date at the 1938 Munich conference for CZE to give back Sudentenland?

10th October