HEAL 1600 INTERGRATION QUESTIONS

What is the health belief model?

is a psychological framework that explains and predicts health behaviours by focusing on individuals' beliefs about the susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers It is used to develop strategies to promote healthy behaviours.

What are the 4 factors that contribute to whether or not an individual may or may not make health behaviour changes, according to the Health Belief Model?

perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers.

What is perceived susceptibility?

An individual's belief about the likelihood of experiencing a health issue or disease. It plays a crucial role in motivating health behaviour changes.

What is perceived seriousness?

an individual's belief about the severity of a health issue or disease and its potential consequences. This belief can significantly influence their willingness to engage in health-related behaviours.

What is perceived benefits?

an individual's belief regarding the advantages or positive outcomes of engaging in specific health behaviour, which can encourage them to make changes.

What is perceived barriers?

are an individual's belief about the obstacles or challenges that may prevent them from adopting a health behaviour. Recognizing these barriers can impact their motivation to change health practices.

What is the continuum of care regarding health?

coordinated approach to patient management that uses a range of health services and interventions across different stages of care, from promotion, prevention, curative, restoration, and supportive.

What are the areas of health on the continuum of care?

1. promotion

2. prevention

3. curative

4. restoration

5. supportive

Promotion of care

The process of creating awareness and encouraging healthy behaviours to prevent health issues before they occur. Like,posters around buildings educating me on the proper steps of washing my hands and its benefits.

Prevention of care

The actions taken to reduce the risk of disease or injury. Like going to the doctors every few months to get a checkup even if I don’t feel sick.

Curative care

The treatment of disease or injury with the intention of curing the patient. Like getting antibiotics from doctor when sick

Restorative care

The type of care focused on helping individuals regain their independence and improve their quality of life after an illness or injury. Like therapies like physical and occupational therapy after injury.

Supportive care

A type of care that focuses on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness. Like playing fun games with dementia patients.

What is Kleinman’s Explanatory Model of Illness?

This framework offers a patient-centred approach by asking the patient health-driven questions. This approach improves communication and allows for more engagement between the individual and the healthcare provider.

Example question to a patient about their diabetes using Kleinman’s Explanatory Model of Illness.

An example question is, "“How do you think diabetes has changed your day-to-day life? And what do you think can help you manage it?” This encourages the patient to share their understanding and experiences.

What is the Shoal Lake the situation?

refers to the ongoing water crisis for the community, stemming from historical government decisions that restricted access to clean drinking water. It highlights issues of indigenous rights, environmental justice, and the need for long-term solutions.

What is the “In Whose Backyard” video about?

A concept addressing environmental justice and the placement of undesirable facilities in marginalized communities, often affecting their health and well-being.

what is the africville article about?

The Africville article discusses the historical and socio-economic struggles of the Africville community in Halifax, Canada, highlighting issues of urban development, racial discrimination, and the impact of the relocation of its residents.

What is the determination of health?

defines the factors that contribute to population health

What is the impact of the determinants of health?

The physical environmental issues and the health services the communities grew up with affected and influenced their population's health.

How do you think environmental racism might relate to the incidence of diabetes amongst first nations communities in Manitoba?

refers to the systemic discrimination against marginalized communities, leading to a higher exposure to pollutants and inadequate access to health services, which can contribute to chronic health issues such as diabetes in First Nations communities.

What is reflective practice?

A way of studying your own experiences to improve the way you work.

Gibbs' reflective cycle

·      Description - What happened?

·      Feelings - What did you think and feel about it?

·      Evaluation - What were the positives and negatives?

·      Analysis - What sense can you make of it?

·      Conclusion - What else could you have done?

·      Action Plan - What will you do next time?

What is evidence-based practice (EBP)?

A systematic approach to decision-making in healthcare that integrates the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.

What are the 3 studies?

·      TYPES OF STUDY =  descriptive, analytical, or experimental

What is descriptive study?

there is no control group in this experiment and the results are relied on observational approaches like interviews.

What is epidemiology?

Study of the distribution, determinants, and frequency of health-related states or events in specified human populations

Implicit bias

a normal psychological response to growing up in a society that projects certain images about people by race, ethnicity, gender, age, and many other social categories.

What does the term reconciliation mean?

The term reconciliation means the action of making one view or belief compatible with another

What do you see as your role as a citizen/resident, as a healthcare provider, and as an individual in ensuring that we move forward on a path of truth and reconciliation?

What I can do as a healthcare provider, and as an individual to ensure that we move forward on a path of truth and reconciliation is to address the biases and discrimination and not turn a blind eye to it. I can also make sure to pay extensive attention to indigenous individual and value their opinions and consider the racism they might have encountered in the past.

1 of the 7 calls to action in my own words

22. Recognize the value of Aboriginal healing practices and use them in the treatment of Aboriginal patients:

Traditional medicine, ceremonies, and knowledge of Aboriginal healing practices should be respected and used to treat Aboriginal patients. An example of this is the Canadian Medical Association, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and the Canadian Nurses Association are working on ways to incorporate Indigenous knowledge and practices in health care.

What is the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) report ?

it explains how racism and colonial mindset impact the violence the women face. The report wants to make sure indigenous women of Canada live safely and get the help they need.

Who is Joyce Echaquan?

Joyce Echaquan as a 37-year-old indigenous woman who died on 2020, in the hosptial due to mistrearment. Joyce Echaquan live streamed mistreatment she was receiving from an unknown number of healthcare workers, who taunted her moments before she died.

What does her story demonstrate about our healthcare system?

Her story demonstrates how our healthcare system shows mistreatment to indigenous people and also shows the bias in the healthcare system

What significant Act that impacted Canadian healthcare was introduced in 1957?

Hospital Insurance Diagnostic Act

What significant Program that impacted Canadian healthcare was introduced in 1966?

Parliament creates national Medicare Program with Ottawa paying 50% of provincial health costs

What significant Act that impacted Canadian healthcare was introduced in 1984?

Canada health act

What is First Nations Inuit Health Branch/Non-Insured Health Benefits?

The NIHB program provides registered First Nations and recognized Inuit with coverage for a range of medically necessary health benefits when private, provincial or territorial health insurance plans or social programs do not otherwise cover these benefits.

Hospitals in Manitoba are funded by which level of government and why?

The federal and provincial governments because the provinces and territories generate 78% of the cost, with the federal government providing the rest through the Canada Health Transfer (CHT).

Healthcare for indigenous people with treaty status is funded by which level of government and why?

Healthcare for Indigenous people with treaty status is funded by the federal government through Indigenous Services Canada (ISC). This is due to treaty obligations.

What is Jordan’s Principle and why is it important?

Jordan’s Principle is a child-first principle that ensures Indigenous children have access to the same public services and resources as other children in Canada. It is important because it makes sure Indigenous children are treated equally in Canada.

What is shared health?

Shared health is to be created from within existing resources to provide centralized clinical and business services for the regional health authorities.

What are transfer payment and how do you think they impact healthcare delivery in your community?

Transfer payments are funds from the government to support services like healthcare. They help communities cover healthcare costs and improve access to services. They enhance healthcare delivery.

What were your preconceived ideas about the different team roles before the activity?

each team role worked separately and there was not much interaction between them. I believed that the physician had all the say in everything because they have the most interaction and know most about the patient. I believed that pharmacists did not contribute much to the health of the patient aside from giving them their medications

What were your thoughts as you were discussing the cases? Did you find yourself having any realizations?

My thoughts as I was discussing the cases were that each profession plays a big role in the care given to a patient.  Also, teamwork is not simply about working alongside one another but collaborating to achieve common goals. At first, I believed each professional primarily worked towards their own goals and only really focused on the clinical professions. But now I know professions like social work also have a huge factor in the patient's care.

What did you learn that was new about the team and the various roles and contributions of other team members. List at least 3 unique points

1. Some professionals are hesitant to accept teamwork because they have time constraints or believe that working alone is easier

2. teams will always have conflict and the way it is handled can impact a lot. The best way to resolve conflict between a team is to set up a meeting with all the healthcare providers to discuss different points of view regarding the patient’s overall condition

3. you don't have to be rich to benefit from teamwork; using networks and community resources can have an impact.

How will you use this experience and what you learned in this class to improve your practice as a health care provider in the future?

In the future, when I am a healthcare professional, I will always communicate with my team members to allow for an effective practice and best care for our patients. Further, EBP will be a dominant part of my practice to improve patient experiences.

What is Personal Health Information Act (PHIA)? why is it important?

PHIA is personal health information act, it is a It is a legislative framework that states health information is personal and sensitive, and its confidentiality must be protected. It is important because it allows individuals to not be afraid to seek health care or to disclose sensitive information to health professionals

What is the difference between values and ethics and morals? Provide your own example for each.

Values= are the inner judgments or beliefs that determine how a person behaves

Example = you believe it is not right to run a red light, so you don’t

Ethic= principles that define behavior as right, good and proper

Example = businessman giving individual the best option even though they can gain more if they don’t, since they are obligated to.

 

Morals= personal, deeply felt responses, automatic

Example = as a child you were taught to not lie, so as an adult you never lie

What are the 5 main principles of health care ethics described in the

.           Autonomy = right to make one’s own choices

To help clients make informed decisions and actively contribute to achieving and maintaining optimal health by communicating relevant information openly and honestly.

 

2.         Beneficence and Non-Maleficence = caring about and acting to promote the good of another

Use knowledge and skills to assist clients to achieve and maintain optimal health 

 

3.         Privacy and Confidentiality = The individual’s right to decide the conditions under which others will be permitted access to his or her personal life or information

Respect the privacy of clients and hold in confidence information

 

4.         Professionalism = To use and advance the profession’s knowledge and skills to serve the client and public good

 

5.         Justice = Treating everyone fairly

Distribute health care justly or fairly

Why is a professional Code of Ethics important?

Professional Code of Ethics is important because it identifies expected behaviors and defines reasons for the behavior and ensures consistency in ethical standards throughout a profession.

Explain how ethics and harm reduction are related:

Ethics and harm reduction are related because both focus on the individual's wellness. Harm reduction, Strategies, tools, and education to help individual reduce harm to themselves and their communities. While Ethics don’t always correspond with our values but are obligated to do it. It acknowledges that substance use will occur regardless of the healthcare provider's wishes.  Healthcare providers have an ethical obligation to respect the person's decisions, even if they may be harmful.

Identify an example of a situation in which you can see the potential benefits of a harm reduction approach being used in your community. Explain how the harm reduction approach might be applied and why you think it would be beneficial

An example of a situation when I can see the potential benefits of a harm reduction approach being used in my community is Drug consumption rooms with Needle and syringe programs. This can be applied to individuals that take drugs because it allows for a safer environment and will reduce sickness and overdoes since the proper methods of using the needles are taught.

Why is ethical distress important?

Ethical distress is important because may encompass an ethical awakening for a nurse and lead to essential improvements in practice

What is the difference between ethical distress and an ethical dilemma?

Ethical dilemmas arise when there are compelling ethical reasons for and against a course of action, requiring a decision to be made.  Ethical distress occurs when a nurse believes they have made the right decision but are unable to complete it due to barriers.

What are some distress signals?

Some distress signals are crying, loss of sleep, nightmares, loss of appetite, feelings of worthlessness, loss of confidence, heart palpitations, changes in body functions and headache