HW #2- Lab Procedures

*A large ciliate protozoa that may be found in swine feces is:

• Balantidium species

• Trichomonas species

• Giardia species

• Histomonas species

Balantidium species

A higher than normal blood level of nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood is described as:

• Bilirubinuria

• Azotemia

• Hydruria

• Natiuresis

Azotemia

*What biochemical tests are not considered part of a primary hepatic profile?

• BUN and creatinine

• Cholestatic enzymes

• Hepatocellular leakage enzymes

• TP and albumin

BUN and creatinine

*The main function of bicarbonate is to:

• Maintain the proper osmotic pressure of fluids in the body

• Maintain normal muscular function

• Maintain normal cardiac rhythm and contractility

• Maintain balanced body pH levels 

Maintain balanced body pH levels 

Which statement is false concerning the collection of a plasma sample for a blood chemistry analysis?

• If a needle and syringe are used, hemolysis can be minimized by removing the needle from the syringe before discharging the blood into a sample tube.

• Volume changes caused by evaporation can be minimized by keeping the cap on the blood collection tube as much as possible.

• To separate, allow the sample to clot for approximately 30 minutes; gently remove the clot from the sides of the tube, centrifuge, and then remove the plasma. 

• Avoid lipemia by fasting the animal before collecting the sample.

To separate, allow the sample to clot for approximately 30 minutes; gently remove the clot from the sides of the tube, centrifuge, and then remove the plasma. 

Kidney disease results in accumulation of metabolic waste in the blood, a condition known as:

• Azotemia

• Bilirubinemia

• Hypernatremia

• Hyperkalemia

Azotemia

What species has multiple forms of reticulocytes?

• Horse

• Cow

• Cat

• Dog

cat

Bile acids aid in the digestion of

• Proteins

• Carbs

• Fats

• Globulins

fats

*Baylisascaris procyonis larvae have been shown to cause _________ in humans.

• Pneumonia

• Hemolytic anemia

• Brain damage

• Bloody diarrhea

Brain damage

Which of the following ticks is considered a single host tick?

• Boophilus annulatus 

• Otobius megnini

• Ixodid sp.

• Argasidae sp.

Boophilus annulatus 

*An example of capillary action is:

• The blood coursing through smaller veins

• The perfusion of mucous membranes

• The action of blood filling a hematocrit tube 

• Removing serum from a clot with a pipette

The action of blood filling a hematocrit tube 

*Coagulation tests would be useful for diagnosing:

• Rodenticide poisoning 

• Thyroid function

• Adrenal function

• Ethylene glycol poisoning

Rodenticide poisoning 

*Which species includes common contaminants and is the causative agent of anthrax?

• Glucose

• SGTP (ALT)

• Creatinine

• BUN

BUN

*When using Diff-Quik to stain bone marrow smears, it is especially important to

• Use freshly filtered stain

• Dip the smear twice as long as blood smears 

• Rinse thoroughly with distilled water

• Let the smear dry for 30 minutes before staining

Dip the smear twice as long as blood smears 

*Which species includes common contaminants and is the causative agent of anthrax?

• Escherichia

• Corynebacterium

• Bacillus

• Enterobacter

Bacillus

Which of fluid sample is the major vehicle for the transporting of toxicants within the body?

• Blood/Plasma

• Feces

• Urine

• Hair

Blood/Plasma

What tissue processes B cells before they are sent to peripheral lymphoid tissue?

• GLNB

• GALB

• GALT

• GLAN

GALT

What is the predominant method for the transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in cats?

• Grooming

• bite wounds

• urine

• feces

bite wound

*Which urolith is becoming quite common in cats?

• Oxolate

• Silica

• Urate

Oxolate

*Which of the following is not considered an electrolyte?

• Calcium

• Sodium

• Potassisum

• Chloride

Calcium

*Blood levels of total bilirubin will not be a significant finding in:

• Hepatocellular damage

• Bile duct injury or obstruction

• Hemolytic disorders

• Acute pancreatitis 

Acute pancreatitis 

*Bile acids aid in the absorption of:

• Proteins

• Carbs

• Fats

• Globuluns

Fats

Basophilic stippling is often associated with:

• Lead poisoning

• Autoimmune disease

• Anemia

• Neoplasia

Lead poisoning

Which of the following is an important function of bacterial flagella?

• Attachment

• Locomotion

• DNA replication

• Ion transport

Locomotion

*Which of the following statements regarding casts is incorrect?

• A few hyaline or granular casts may be seen in normal urine

• All casts are cylindric with parallel sides

• Casts dissolve in acidic urine 

• Casts may be disrupted with high-speed centrifugation and rough sample handling

Casts dissolve in acidic urine 

Which of these is not a random laboratory error?

• Variation of glassware

• Electronic or optical inconsistency

• Anisocytosis

• Contamination

Anisocytosis

*Prerenal azotemia is:

• Dehydration without true impared kidney function 

• Stage 1 renal disease

• Urinary tract infection that is affecting kidney function

• Dehydration with true impaired kidney function

Dehydration without true impared kidney function 

Anuria is:

• decreased urine ioutput

• decreased drinking

• Complete lack of urine production

• Excessive drinking

Complete lack of urine production

*Which of the following is a breakdown product of hemoglobin?

• Bilirubin

• Erythropoietin

• Urea

• Carotene

Bilirubin

How do transfusion reactions in the cat differ from transfusion reactions in the dog?

• Transfusions are more severe in the cat 

• Transfusions are more acute in the dog

• Cats suffer from severe pruritus

• Transfusions are more severe in the dog

Transfusions are more severe in the cat 

What are the two diagnostic forms of Giardia?

• Cysts and trophozoites

• Merozoites and schizonts

• Oocysts and sporocysts

• Ova and L3 larvae

Cysts and trophozoites

What are two examples of anticholinergic drugs?

• Propofol and ketamine

• Atropine and glycopyrrolate 

• Cyclosporine and mycophenolate

• Dexdomitor and antisedan

Atropine and glycopyrrolate 

The kennel cough syndrome in dogs is often caused by a combination of boarding at a kennel, a viral infection, and infection with:

• Pasteurella multocida

• Staphylococcus aureus

• Corynebacterium diphtheriae

• Bordetella bronchiseptica 

Bordetella bronchiseptica 

A variation in erythrocyte size is known as:

• Polycytosis

• Anisocytosis

• Poikilocytosis

• Erythrocytosis

Anisocytosis

Calcium carbonate crystals are often seen in ___ urine.

• Dog

• Hprse

• cat

• cattle

horse

*What laboratory test evaluates primary hemostasis?

• Activated clotting time

• Activated partial thromboplastin time

• Buccal mucosal bleeding time 

• One-step prothrombin time

Buccal mucosal bleeding time 

The appearance of calcium oxalate crystals are described as:

• Hexagonal

• Dark, needlelike rods

• Brown spheres with long spicules

• Small squares that contain an X 

Small squares that contain an X 

Stress and epinephrine release in cats might cause an increase in:

• BUN

• TP

• ALT

ALT

What is the half-life of fructosamine?

• 3-5 days

• 1-2 weeks

• 3-5 months

• more than 6 months

1-2 weeks

*An iodine scrub on skin would result in:

• Antisepsis

• Disinfection

• Fumigation

• Sterilization

Antisepsis

To separate serum, whole blood should be spun down in a centrifuge at:

• 4,500 rpm for 30 minutes

• 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes

• 8,500 rpm for 30 minutes

• 2,500 rpm for 10 minutes 

2,500 rpm for 10 minutes 

*Generally, endotoxins are products of:

• Viruses

• Gram-negative bacteria

• Gram-positive bacteria

• Fungi

Gram-negative bacteria

he best urine collection method to assess the patency of the urethra is

• Catheterizatio

• Manual expression

• free ctach

• Cytso

Catheterization

Bacterial endospores are:

• Resistant to heat and desiccation 

• A form of asexual reproduction

• A consequence of mating

• Highly susceptible to antiseptics

Resistant to heat and desiccation 

*Anaphylactic shock is:

• A mild reaction that causes destruction of erythrocytes

• A moderate reaction that causes hives

• A severe, life-threatening reaction that occurs seconds after an antigen enters the circulation 

• A severe reaction caused by rapid loss of large volumes of blood or other bodily fluid

A severe, life-threatening reaction that occurs seconds after an antigen enters the circulation 

With which of the following is the humoral immune system involved?

• Monocytes

• Erythrocytes

• T cells

• B cells

B cells

*When collecting blood for a coagulation profile, it is especially important to:

• Use a gray-top Vacutainer

• Analyze the sample immediately

• Use EDTA as the anticoagulant

• Minimize vascular trauma during venipuncture 

Minimize vascular trauma during venipuncture 

*Cats exposed to feline leukemia virus typically respond in any of the following ways, except:

• Not becoming infected at all

• Becoming temporarily infected, developing immunity, and overcoming the infection

• Becoming infected and continuing to shed the virus indefinitely without becoming ill

• Becoming infected, becoming ill within 3 days, and dying within a week 

Becoming infected, becoming ill within 3 days, and dying within a week 

Which parasite only uses the cat as its definitive host?

• Toxoplasma gondii 

• Giardia lamblia

• Isospora rivolta

• Balantidium coli

Toxoplasma gondii 

*How quickly must slides evaluating bone marrow samples be made if EDTA is used?

• 1 hour

• immediately

• 15 minutes

• EDTA cannot be used for bone marrow samples

1 hour