Robotics Vocab

IDE

Integrated development environment

Computer

A machine that can process information and perform many different tasks.

Microcontroller

A small device that controls specific tasks in electronics (like the Arduino).

Input

Information or a signal that goes into a computer or device.

Output

Information or a signal that comes out of a computer or device.

Code

A special language used to write instructions for computers.

Program

A set of instructions (code) that performs a specific job.

Hardware

The physical parts of a device (keyboard, screen, wires, sensors).

Software

The programs and code that tell hardware what to do.

Arduino Uno Board

The “brain” of your projects: a programmable microcontroller that controls sensors and components.

Base Shield

A board that makes it easy to plug in sensors and modules without extra wiring.

Cables

Wires that connect components so they can communicate.

Button

A switch that sends a signal when pressed.

Piezo Buzzer

A small device that makes sound by vibrating a metal disc.

LED (Light-Emitting Diode)

A tiny light that turns on when electricity passes through it.

LED Driver

Controls how much power an LED gets, so it doesn’t burn out.

Light Sensor

Detects how much light is around (brightness levels).

Rotary Potentiometer

A knob you turn to change resistance (like a volume knob).

Servo

A motor that moves to specific angles — used for precise movement in robots.

Touch Sensor

Detects a touch without physical pressure (like phone screens).

Temperature Sensor

Measures the temperature around it.

Sound Sensor

Detects sound levels and can trigger actions (claps, alarms, etc.).

LCD Display

A small screen that shows text or images.

Relay Module

A switch that lets low-power devices (like Arduino) control high-power circuits.

Arduino

A microcontroller used to control electronics in projects.

Arduino IDE

Software used to write, check, and upload code to an Arduino.

Digital Camera

A device that receives visual data (input) and outputs an image.

Wearable Sensors

Technology worn on the body to track movement, health, or data (like a Fitbit).

IoT (Internet of Things)

Devices connected to the internet so they can communicate and share information.

Circuitry/ circuits

 A closed loop through which electricity flows, enabling the transfer of electrical energy from a power source to different components or devices

Power source

 A device or component that supplies electrical energy to a circuit, such as a battery or power supply.