carbohydrates

polymers

biological molecules which are composed of chains of smaller molecules called monomers

monosaccharides

carbohydrates which are composed of single sugar/monomer

disaccharide

carbohydrates which are composed of two single sugars/monomers joined together

triose

sugars that contain 3 carbon atoms

pentose

sugars which contain 5 carbon atoms

hexose

sugars which contain 6 carbon atoms

condensation

type of reaction in which a water molecule is removed forming a bond between two monomers

glycosidic bond

bond that joins the monomers together in disaccharides and polysaccharides

hydrolysis

type of reaction in which a water molecule is added to break a bond between monomers

isomers

term used to describe molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures

maltose

disaccharide composed of 2 alpha glucose monomers

sucrose

disaccharide composed of alpha glucose and fructose

lactose

disaccharide composed of alpha glucose and galactose

C12H22O11

chemical formula of maltose

glycogen

polysaccharide which acts as a store of glucose for respiration in animal cells

muscle cells

type of cell in the human body which contains glycogen granules

glycogenolysis

process by which glucose is released from glycogen when blood glucose level falls below normal

pasta

a food which is rich in starch