Unit 2 APCSP Vocab

Abstraction

a programmer hides all but the relevant data about an object in order to reduce complexity and increase efficiency

Debugging

the routine process of locating and removing computer program bugs, errors or abnormalities

Iteration

a process wherein a set of instructions or structures are repeated in a sequence a specified number of times or until a condition is met

Parameters

a formal argument, is a special kind of variable, used in a subroutine to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the subroutine

TCP/IP

Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet

Protocol

a set of rules

IP Address

Internet Protocol Address, a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

HTTP

hypertext transfer protocol, the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web and this protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands

Computing Device

a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Computing System

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

Computing Network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.

Path

the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.

Bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.

URL

uniform resource locator

Packet

a small chunk of any kind of data: text, numbers, lists, etc

Redundant

There are multiple pathways among the physical connections of the Internet to create redundancy. Even if one pathway is unavailable, there is still another way to transmit a message from sender to receiver.

Hierarchical

There are two hierarchical Internet addressing systems, domain names and IP addresses. These address hierarchies work much like the postal system, which locates people first by state, then city, then street, then house number, then apartment, and then finally person.

Fault-tolerance

the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components

Router

a device that forwards data packets along networks. It is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP's network.

Data stream

a sequence of digitally encoded coherent signals used in a transmission

Packet Metadata

the information about the packet that is stored in the header

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation through which application programs can exchange data

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

is used to send short messages called datagrams but overall, it is an unreliable, connectionless protocol

Scalability

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

The Domain Name System (DNS)

the system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses

World Wide Web

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

Digital Divide

differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics.