Hardware

by RR

Rough Hardware

Hardware meant to be concealed.

Finish Hardware

Hardware that has finished appearance as well as a function. May be considered part of the decorative treatment of a room or building.

Rough Hardware

Bolts, nails, screws, spikes, and other metal fittings.

Finish Hardware

Hinges, locks, catches, etc.

Nails

Straight, slender pieces of metal having one end pointed and the other enlarged and flattened for hammering into wood or other building materials as a fastener.

Penny (d)

Term for nail lengths

2 ; 60

Nails range in length from ___d, about 1" (25) long, to ___d, about 6" (150) long.

three

Nail length should be about ______ times thickness of the material being secured.

heavy ; finish

Large diameter nails are used for _______ work while lighter nails are used for _______ work

diamond-pointed nails

Most nails have this kind of point

sharp-pointed nails

These kind of nails have greater holding strength but may tend to split some woods

blunt-pointed nails

These kind of nails should be used for easily split woods

sharp-pointed nails

diamond-pointed nails

blunt-pointed nails

Common Nail

A cut or wire low-carbon steel nail, having a slender plain shank and a medium diamond point

Common Nail

Nail used in work where finish is unimportant, as in framing.

Finishing Nail

Slender nail made from finer wire than the common nail; has a brad-type head which permits it to be set below the surface of the wood, leaving only a small hole which can be puttied easily, used in finishing work.

Brad Nail

A small finishing nail, usually of the same thickness throughout, with a head that is almost flush with the sides or a head that projects slightly to one side.

Box Nail

Similar to a common nail but thinner; has a long shank which may be smooth or barbed.

Casing Nail

A slender nail with a small, slightly flared head used for finishing work.

Ring-Shank Nail

A nail having a number of ring-like grooves around the shank to increase its holding power.

Clinch/Clench Nail

Any nail designed for clinching, after driving.

Clinching

Process used in securing a nail, staple, screw or bolt, by hammering the protruding point so that it is bent over.

Roofing Nail

A short nail having a barbed or ring shank and a comparatively large flat head; may be galvanized or bright; often provided with a neoprene, lead, or plastic washer; used to secure roofing felt or shingles to a roof-deck or roof boards.

Metal Lath Nail

A a nail designed for securing a metal lath (a base for plaster)

Electrician’s Staple Nail

A u-shaped piece of metal or heavy wire, with pointed ends, driven into a surface to secure a sheet material, hold a hasp, etc.

Concrete Nail

A hardened steel nail having a flat countersunk head and a diamond point; used for nailing to concrete or masonry.

Masonry Nail

A hardened steel nail with a knurled or fluted shank; esp. used for fastening to masonry.

Flooring Nail

Used for fastening floor boards.

Cut Nails

Used for wood flooring.

Double-header Nails

Used for temporary structures.

Spikes

Used for fastening heavy timbers.

Power-driven Studs

Used for driving into concrete or steel

Face-nailing, Blind-nailing, Toe-nailing

Types of nail construction

Face-nailing

Nailing in which the nails are driven perpendicular to the face of the material.

Blind-nailing

Also called concealed or secret nailing. Nailing in such a way that the nail heads are not visible on the face of the work. In finished roofing, the use of nails that are not exposed to the weather.

Toe-nailing

Also called skew or tusk nailing. Nailing obliquely to the surfaces being joined.

Screws

These are externally threaded fasteners. They have greater holding power than nails, and are more easily removable because of their threaded shafts.

1/8” ; 1/2 ; 2/3

The length of a wood screw should be about ____" (3) less than the combined thickness of the boards being joined, with ___ to ___ of the screw’s length penetrating the base material.

hardwoods ; softwoodsScrews are classified by

Fine-threaded screws are generally used for _________ while coarse-threaded ones are used for __________.

Material, Lengths, Diameters

Screws are classified by:

steel, brass, aluminum, bronze, stainless steel

Material for screws

1/2" to 6" (13 to 150)

Lengths for screws

up to 24 gauge

Diameters for screws.

Wood Screw

A helically threaded metal fastener having a pointed end; forms its own mating thread when driven into wood or other resilient material.

Metal Screw

Fastened by screwing into metal.

Lag Screw, Lag Bolt, Coach Screw

A bolt having a square head and a thin, coarse-pitched thread.

Screw Anchors

An anchor (similar to an expansion bolt) having a metal shell with a screw along its central axis; when the shell is placed in a hole and the screw is driven in, the shell expands, tightly securing the anchor in the hole. Locally called a tux screw with a plastic shell.

Tekscrew

A screw used to fasten metal roofing sheets to the purlins

Wood Screw

Drywall Screw

Machine Screw

Self-tapping Screw

Sheet Metal Screw

Cap Screw

Set Screw

Flat head

Oval Head

Round head

Truss head

Pan head

Fillister head

Bugle head

Security head

Slotted head

Phillips head

Allen head

Square drive

Bolts

A metallic pin or rod having a head on one end and an external thread on the other for screwing up a nut; used for holding members or parts of members together.

Nut

A short metal block having a central hole which is threaded to receive a bolt, screw, or other threaded part.

Machine Bolt

A threaded bolt having a straight shank and a conventional head such as a square, hexagonal, button, or countersunk type.

Stove bolt

A bolt with a slotted head, used in the assembly of wood-burning stoves constructed from sheet metal.

Carriage bolt

A threaded bolt having a circular head, an oval or flat bearing surface, and a means (such as a square shoulder under the head) of preventing rotation of the bolt.

Toggle bolt

Bolt having a nut with pivoted flanged wings that close against a spring when it is pushed through a hole, and open after emerging from the hole; used to fasten objects to a hollow wall or to a wall which is accessible only from one side. Toggle bolts are used to fasten materials to plaster, gypsum board, and other thin wall materials

Expansion shield

Lead or plastic sleeves inserted into a predrilled hole and expanded by driving a bolt or screw into it.

Expansion bolts

Same as expansion shields. An anchoring device having an expandable socket that swells as a bolt is tightened into it; used in masonry walls for attaching timber, etc.

Rivets

Metal pins that are used for permanently joining two or more structural steel members by passing a headed shank through a hole in each piece and hammering down the plain end to form a second head.

Hanging, Operating, Closing, Locking, Sealing, Protecting (the door)

Functions of Door Hardware

Hinges

These are movable joints used to attach, support, and turn a door (or cover) about a pivot; consist of two plates joined together by a pin which support the door and connect it to its frame, enabling it to swing open or closed.

Butt hinge

Usually attached to the butt edge of a door. Hinges consist of two leaves with an odd number of knuckles on one leaf and an even number of knuckles on the other. The knuckles are attached with a pin. The pin and knuckles form the barrel of the hinge, which is finished with a tip

Full Mortise Hinge, Half-Surface Hinge, Half-Mortise Hinge, Full-Surface Hinge

Types of Butt Hinges

Full Mortise Hinge

It is the most common type of butt hinge and has both leaves fully mortised into the frame and edge of the door.

Half-Surface Hinge

Type of butt hinge that has one leaf mounted on the face of the door and the other leaf mortised into the frame.

Half-Mortise Hinge

Type of butt hinge whose leaves are surface-applied to the frame and mortised into the edge of the door.

Full-Surface Hinge

Hinge applied to the face of both the door and frame

Fast Pin Hinge

Hinge in which the pin is fastened permanently in place

Loose pin hinge

Hinge having a removable pin which permits its two parts to be separated

Loose joint hinge

Hinge having two knuckles; one of which has a vertical pin that fits into a corresponding hole in the other by lifting the door up off the vertical pin. The door may be removed by unscrewing the hinge.

Olive Knuckle Hinge

A paumelle hinge with knuckles forming an oval shape.

Invisible Hinge

A hinge so constructed that no parts are exposed when the door is closed. A famous brand name is SOSS.

Spring Hinge

A hinge containing one or more springs, when a door is opened, the hinge returns to its closed position automatically; may act in one direction only, or in both directions (as on a swinging door).

Spring butt hinge

Spring pivot hinge

Latch set

Device to hold a door in the closed position and lock it.

Only holds the door in place with no provision for locking. It has a beveled latch extending from the face of the door edge and automatically engages the strike mounted in the frame when the door is closed.

Lockset

Device to hold a door in the closed position and lock it.

It has a special mechanism that allows the door to be locked with a key or thumbturn

• Mortise lock or latch

• Preassembled lock and latch

• Bored lock and latch

• Interconnected lock

Types of latches and locks

Mortise lock or latch

Type of lock or latch that is installed in a rectangular area cut out of the doorPreassembled lock and latch

Preassembled lock and latch

Also called unit lock. Is a complete unit slid into a notch made in the edge of the door and requires very little adjustment. They are often found in older buildings.

Bored lock and latch

Also called cylindrical lock. Is installed by boring holes through the face of the door and from the edge of the door to the other bored opening