Cells and Cellular Organelles

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to cells and cellular organelles, based on the lecture notes provided.

Vacuoles

Membrane-bound organelles that store nutrients and waste products.

Ribosome

A complex of protein and RNA and protein where protein synthesis occurs; found at 2 locations.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, where cellular respiration takes place; provides ATP for cellular energy.

Microvilli

Fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for absorption.

Centrioles

Cylindrical structures made of microtubules that aid in cell division.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A membranous system studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis.

Nucleus

The organelle that serves as the control center of the cell, containing genetic material.

Nucleolus

The structure within the nucleus responsible for ribosome production.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing organelles.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

An ER without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Lysosome

Membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes for waste processing.

Plasma membrane

The outer membrane of the cell that regulates entry and exit of substances.

Cell theory

The theory that states that cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

Peroxisomes

Membranous sacs that contain enzymes for detoxifying harmful substances.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein structures that provide framework and support for the cell.

What are the four concepts of Cell Theory

1. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of

living organisms.

2. The activity of an organism depends on the

collective activities of its cells.

3. According to the principle of complementarity, the

biochemical activities of cells are dictated by the

relative number of their specific subcellular

structures.

4. Continuity of life has a cellular basis.

What are the 3 main regions of a eukaryotic cell?

1. nucleus

2. cytoplasm

3. plasma membrane

What are the parts of the nucleus?

1. nuclear envelope 2. chromatin 3. nuclear pores 4. nucleolus

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Fluid -filled cisterns (tubules or canals) for carrying substances with the cell.