Treaty of Paris and Historical Context of Philippine Independence

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts from the Treaty of Paris, historical perspectives, and significant events related to the Philippines.

Spain relinquishes all claim to __ over Cuba.

Cuba

The U.S. and Spain declare __ in Article I of the Treaty of Paris.

peace

Spain renounces Cuba completely but the U.S. does not __ it.

annex

The U.S. will occupy Cuba __.

temporarily

Spain cedes __ and adjacent islands in the West Indies to the U.S.

Puerto Rico

Spain also cedes the island of __ to the U.S.

Guam

Spain cedes the archipelago known as the __ to the U.S. in Article IV.

Philippines

The U.S. pays __ million to Spain for the Philippines.

$20

Evacuation of ceded territories must occur within __ months from the exchange of ratifications.

three

Inhabitants of ceded territories have up to __ months to choose their allegiance.

18

Legal rights and property of inhabitants of ceded territories must be __.

respected

__ is guaranteed in the ceded territories as per Article VII.

Religious freedom

Spanish subjects may remain or __ the ceded territories, as stated in Article IX.

leave

The U.S. will extend diplomatic protection to Spanish subjects for a certain __.

period

All prisoners of war will be __ as per the terms of the Treaty.

released

The U.S. will not assume any of Spain's __ debts associated with the Philippines.

public

Spain agrees to hand over __ and official records of the ceded territories to the U.S.

archives

Ratifications must be exchanged in __ within six months.

Washington, D.C.

The Treaty of Paris was signed on __.

December 10, 1898

Filipino artists recorded national attitudes towards American influence through __.

political cartoons

The publication of Fernando Amorsolo's cartoon on police corruption sparked a __.

scandal

Fernando Amorsolo depicted corrupt police and __ characters in his cartoons.

Chinese

In 1920, Governor-General Harrison proposed a rent cap of __ percent of property value.

12

Rising rent and high food prices led to protests reaching __ Palace.

Malacañang

The cartoon titled 'New Bird of Prey' discusses the housing crisis and __ exploitation in Manila.

rent

In the 1930s, class tensions and social conflicts intensified, prompting a call for __ in Central Luzon.

unity

During World War I, loyalty among Filipinos shifted towards __ sentiment.

pro-American

World War I triggered a wave of pro-American loyalty among Filipinos, transforming Uncle Sam’s image in __ media.

Filipino

Leonard Wood was appointed Governor-General of the Philippines after the __ Mission.

Wood-Forbes

The __ Act offered financial incentives for Americans to resign from Philippine posts, encouraging Filipinization.

Retirement

The Commission on Independence documented grievances against Governor __.

Wood

The first significant organized revolt against Spanish rule is known as the __ Mutiny.

Cavite

The Cavite Mutiny was triggered by the abolishment of privileges previously granted to __ soldiers.

Filipino

In 1983, Corazon Aquino returned to the Philippines to bury her husband, __ Aquino Jr.

Benigno

Ninoy Aquino was imprisoned and subjected to a long and cruel __ in prison.

ordeal

The __ Revolution took place in February 1986, restoring constitutional government in the Philippines.

People Power

In 1986, despite massive electoral fraud, Aquino declared the __ victory of the people.

victory

The attack on __ began the narrative of heroism during World War II in the Philippines.

Pearl Harbor

The Bataan __ was a forced march of POWs under brutal conditions during World War II.

Death March

Juan Luna’s famous painting ‘’ won the gold medal at the 1884 Madrid Exposition.

Spoliarium

Fernando Amorsolo was recognized as the First National Artist in __ in the Philippines.

Painting

The Mass celebrated by Fr. Pedro de Valderrama in Limasawa, 1521, is considered the first recorded __ in the Philippines.

Catholic Mass

The Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872, was largely a response to the removal of __ exemptions.

tax

The execution of the priests Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora is known as __—a pivotal moment in Filipino nationalism.

GomBurZa

The government’s crackdown after the Cavite Mutiny fostered the birth of a nationalist __ seeking independence.

movement

Corazon Aquino emphasized political solutions and economic reforms to reintegrate __ into society.

rebels

Filipino officials, notably Quezon and Roxas, protested against Governor Wood’s __ policies.

arbitrary

The national economic plans were obstructed by Governor __’s actions according to the Commission on Independence.

Wood

Governor Wood was appointed after the __ Mission to assess the Philippines' readiness for independence.

Wood-Forbes

Ninoy Aquino maintained his stance for the spirit of __ during his exile.

democracy

The cry for revolution began on August 23, 1896, at Pugad Lawin, a pivotal moment in Philippine __ history.

revolution

The official report from Captain Olegario Diaz described Bonifacio and the Katipuneros at __ on August 25, 1896.

Balintawak

The removal of Filipino soldiers' privileges led to the Cavite __ in 1872.

Mutiny

The document by T.H. Pardo de Tavera provided a counter-narrative to the Spanish version of the Cavite _ Mutiny.

Cavite

The harmful policies towards Filipino officials under Wood led to mass resignations including Quezon and __.

Roxas

The attack on Fort __ marked the beginning of resistance against Spanish forces by Muslim raiders.

Pilar

The legacy of Filipino heroes during World War II is commemorated in documentaries like 'A Legacy of Heroes – The Story of __ and Corregidor.'

Bataan

The symbolic transformation of returning urban students highlighted their status as __ and local trendsetters.

trendsetters

Racism in Filipino cartoons often depicted Chinese characters as __ and corruptors.

emaciated

The struggles during the __ Revolution showed deep support for America amidst political strategy.

People Power

Filipino loyalty sentiment increased significantly during World War __.

I

The Bataan Death March is a key event representing courage amidst overwhelming __ during World War II.

odds

Artistic recognition for Juan Luna and __ became a significant symbol of Filipino excellence.

Fernando Amorsolo

Corazon Aquino appealed to America for support in building a new home for __.

democracy

The brutality faced by POWs during the Bataan Death March exemplified the grave conditions of __.

war