Psych101 Exam 4 - Written Responses

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Motivation

-Process that initiates and sustains behavior

-Explains why people act in certain ways

Intrinsic Motivation

Doing something because you enjoy it like reading books

Extrinsic Motivation

Doing something for a reward or to avoid punishment like studying to get good grades

Biological Motivation

Physical Needs Needed for Survival like eating when you are hungry

Emotion

A complex reaction involving physiological arousal, behavior, and cognition

Physiological Component of Emotion

Bodily reactions controlled by nervous system like increase of heart rate when you are nervous

Behavioral Component of Emotion

Observable expressions of emotion like crying when you are sad

Cogntitive component of emotion

How we interprert and lavel the emotion like interpreting a racing hear as excitement before a game

What do components of emotions do at the end of the day

All 3 components shape how we experience and respond to emotions

Id

Operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification like cheating to get a good grade

Ego

Operates on the reality principle and makes rational decisions that balance the id and super ego like telling you that cheating is wrong

Superego

represents morals and values, good and wrong and is the compass and mediates and tells you to study instead of accept the outcome and get a bad grade

Erik Erikson

Expanded Freud’s Theory by

Developing psychosocial stages that spanned the entire lifespan, not just childhood

Emphasized imporrtance of social relationships and identity development

Alfred Adler

Focused on Concept of Inferiority Complex

Suggested that people are motivated to overcome feelings of inferiority

Suggested that people thrive for success

Unlike fred who emphasized conscious motivation and social influences rather than unconscious drives

What did Erik and Alfred (Neo-Freudians) do?

Both moved away from frued’s focus on sexuality

Emphasized social and cultural factors in personality development

Social Norms

Unwritten rules about how to behave in a group like saying thank you and not talking super loud in class

Social Roles

Expected behaviors for specific positions in society like a student being expected to attend class and complete assignments

Scripts

Mental guidelines for how to act in certain situations like being seated at a restaurant, ordering food, eating and then paying at the end

Conformity

Adjusting behaviors to match overall groups’

Obedience

Following orders from someone in an authority position

Asch’s Conformity Experiment

People conform to gorup pressure even when the group is wrong

Milgram’s Obedience Study

People will obey authority figures even when asked to harm someone

Stanford Prison Experiment

Social roles and power can influence behavior

Factors that affect confomity and obedience

Group Size: Up

Presence of someone who disagrees: Down

Task Difficulty: Up