Genetics Basics: Pedigrees and Quantitative Traits

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on pedigrees, quantitative traits, and mitochondrial DNA.

Pedigree

A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait across several generations.

Male symbol in pedigree

Square, filled indicates the individual has the trait.

Female symbol in pedigree

Circle, empty indicates the individual lacks the trait.

Quantitative Traits

Traits that vary on a continuous range rather than falling into discrete categories, e.g., height or weight.

Polygenic traits

Traits influenced by multiple genes that act independently of one another.

Mitochondrial DNA

DNA found in mitochondria, inherited exclusively from the mother, consisting of 37 genes arranged in a circular form.

Environmental factors influencing traits

Factors such as nutrition and sun exposure that can affect quantitative traits.

Genetics Concepts Overview

1. Pedigrees

• Pedigree: A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait across several generations.
• Male symbol in pedigree: Square; a filled square indicates the individual has the trait.
• Female symbol in pedigree: Circle; an empty circle indicates the individual lacks the trait.

2. Types of Traits

• Quantitative Traits: Traits that vary on a continuous range rather than falling into discrete categories (e.g., height or weight).
• Polygenic traits: Traits influenced by multiple genes that act independently of one another.
• Environmental factors influencing traits: Factors such as nutrition and sun exposure that can affect quantitative traits.

3. Mitochondrial DNA

• Mitochondrial DNA: DNA found in mitochondria, inherited exclusively from the mother, consisting of 37 genes arranged in a circular form.