Vitamins and Coenzymes: Deficiency and Excess

Understand the biomedical importance of micronutrients • Name the 13 essential vitamins, with both names for B-vitamins as well as clinically important trace minerals • List risk factors associated with vitamin deficiencies • Describe the function, deficiency and toxicity states associated with the 13 essential vitamins • Describe the risk factors for iron deficiency, signs/symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

What are the 13 essential vitamins?

A, C, D, E, K, and the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, B6, B12, and folate)

B1

Thiamine, TPP

B2

riboflavin, FAD, FMN

B3

niacin, NAD+

B5

panthothenic acid, CoA

B6

pyridoxine, PLP

B7

biotin

B9

folate

B12

cobalamin

What are the trace minerals?

iron, zinc, copper, fluoride manganese

D2,D3

Calciferol

E

Tocopherols, tocotrienols

K

Phylloquinone

A

Retinol, β- carotene