VTNE PREP

How long does it take for larvae to reach the heart and mature to the adult stage after being transmitted to a dog by a mosquito?

6-9 months

What is the dental formula for an adult rabbit?

2(I 2/1, C 0/0, P 3/2, M 3/3)

To perform myelography, how is the contrast medium injected?

Intrathecally into the subarachnoid space

Flaccid paralysis in dogs can be caused by ingestion of:

ivermectin.

In a dog, the parallel technique is appropriate for radiographing which teeth.

Mandibular premolars and molars

The results of testing a pure culture of a pathogen taken from a canine ear swab show that the organism is gram-positive, cocci in shape, chained in arrangement, and catalase-negative. The pathogen is most likely:

Streptococcus spp.

A benefit of performing cryotherapy to an incision postoperatively is it:

reduces postoperative inflammation.

A 66-lb (30-kg) dog is in cardiopulmonary arrest. A 0.2-mg/kg dose of epinephrine is required. What volume of 1:1000 epinephrine is to be administered?

6 mL

Which of the following occurs during ruminant anesthesia?

Rumen fermentation ceases.

Saliva production is decreased.

Regurgitation can occur during any plane.

The patient continues to eructate while unconscious.

Regurgitation can occur during any plane.

What is the normal systolic blood pressure in an awake dog or cat?

100-140 mm Hg

Which of the following is used to determine the amount of lubrication being produced in the eye?

Schirmer's test

To ensure an accurate blood pressure reading in a canine, the cuff width should be what percentage of the circumference of the limb on which it is to be used?

40%

The clinical signs of an acute immunologic transfusion reaction in a dog include:

urticaria (hives)

Inadequate tissue perfusion is present in anesthetized felines when the mean arterial blood pressure is:

55 mm Hg (anything below 60)

When an anesthetic ventilator is being used on a dog with normal respiratory function, which of the following inspiratory:expiratory ratios and inspiratory pressure settings are appropriate?

1:2 and 20 cm H2O

1:1 and 30 cm H2O

1:4 and 60 cm H2O

1:6 and 40 cm H2O

1:2 and 20 cm H2O

Which drug is contraindicated in a 10-year-old dog that has respiratory depression?

Morphine

Diazepam

Meloxicam

Lidocaine

Morphine

Metabolic alterations in an oncology patient can cause

cachexia ( "wasting away" weight loss, muscle loss, lack of appetite, fatigue, decreased strength )

Which test best determines renal function in an avian patient?

Uric acid

Upon initial evaluation of a patient, a normal PCV with a high total protein is found. This is most consistent with:

dehydration

A possible side effect of NSAID administration is

hypertension

Which of the following drugs is used to treat sarcoptic mange in dogs?

Selamectin

As part of discharge instructions, the veterinary technician should counsel the client about parasitic exposure. Which parasite is facultative and of zoonotic importance?

Strongyloides stercoralis

Prolonged topical exposure to which agent may result in tissue accumulation and eventual toxic effects?

Phenol

Which disease is transmitted in the feces of infected cats?

Toxoplasmosis

The expected peak blood levels for a fentanyl patch may take up to:

24 hours

What is the appropriate use for dental elevators?

Cut or break down the periodontal ligament.

Pansteatitis in cats is caused by a diet containing excessive levels of

fish oils

Which canine breed is sensitive to acepromazine

Boxer

Canine and feline patients with hepatic disease are typically recommended a prescription diet that contains

decreased protein

When using a positioning aid for a dorsoproximal-palmar distal (upright pedal) view of the navicular bone, the primary beam will run

parallel to the floor and centered on the coronary band

Which condition is preventable if a dairy farmer uses good feed management and housing maintenance

Traumatic reticulopericarditis

What volume of 10 mg/mL acepromazine solution must be mixed with diluent to yield a final concentration of 2 mg/mL?

0.1 mL solution + 0.4 mL diluent

When using ethylene oxide for sterilization, which factor is important?

Humidity

Which drug class can cause hypotension or hypothermia through vasodilation

Phenothiazines

Which type of suture needle has a sharp tip that pierces and penetrates tissues without cutting them

Tapered

Hypothermia can cause peripheral

tissue acidosis

In equine anesthesia, ventilation-perfusion mismatch is accentuated when the patient is positioned in

dorsal recumbency

Nociception is best described as

the physiological process that leads to the perception of pain

Which of the following is a hypertonic crystalloid used in shock therapy?

Hetastarch

Dextran 70

5% dextrose

7.5% saline

7.5% saline

What is the most probable cause of a loss of wave form on the capnograph when the patient is breathing and has a heartbeat?

Sensor disconnection

If a dog is given a treat whenever it comes and sits quietly, this is an example of:

positive reinforcement.

An incision that is located lateral and parallel to the ventral midline of the animal is a

paramedian

flank

paralumbar

paracostal

paramedian

Which instrument is used to perform a bone marrow biopsy in a cat?

Jamshidi needle

The most effective emetic to treat a dog that has ingested toxin is

apomorphine

Which chemical mediator is blocked by non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals that inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes?

Prostaglandins

Which item should be donned last when scrubbing in to assist with surgery

Sterile gloves

Incisors in the kitten typically erupt at

3 weeks of age

Nonrebreathing systems for delivery of inhalant anesthetics are most useful for animals weighing

less than 15.5 lb (7 kg)

Which of the following is a potential side effect of propofol

Apnea

Tachycardia

Hypertension

Tachypnea

Apnea

A dog has a hemoglobin concentration of 14 g/dL (140 g/L) and a PCV of 40%. What is the MCHC?

35.0 g/dL (350 g/L)

An average of 37 platelets seen per 100 x object field correlates to an estimated count of how many per microliter

555,000-740,000

Low end X 15,000

High end X 20,000

Quantitative fecal analysis is a method to

predict peak parasite pasture contamination and transmission potential

Despite correct positioning, during which procedure is a patient most likely to experience respiratory compromise

Perineal urethrostomy

Ovariohysterectomy

Orchiectomy

Urinary cystotomy

Perineal urethrostomy

Which part of the anesthetic machine reduces the system pressure from 50 p.s.i. to 15 p.s.i.?

Flowmeter

A canine is spontaneously breathing while connected to a rebreathing system. The pressure manometer reads 15 cm H2O. The best initial response is

Ensure the pop off valve is open

Which of the following changes in the blood may indicate anemia

Hypochromic cells on a blood smear

The protozoan shown below, measuring 3-5 µm, in a fecal flotation of a cat is

Cryptosporidium spp

The anatomical landmark most often used for caudal epidural analgesia in cattle is the

first intercoccygeal space

Assessment of dehydration is more difficult in animals with low body condition scores than in normal animals because they have

less body fat

Which of the following conditions should be suspected in a cat with inflamed gum tissue and hyperplastic gingival tissue extending onto the tooth

Tooth resorption

During which part of the healing process is a wound the weakest

Inflammatory

Which of the following non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics are preferred for long-term use in dogs due to decreased ulcerogenic activity

Meloxicam

.

How many 10-mg tablets should be dispensed to a 23.7-kg patient at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg bid for 5 days

5

Which of the following is used to prevent staining or corrosion of surgical instruments

Spray lubricant

When an animal has fractured an extremity, a splint is most effective when it

includes the joints above and below the suspected fracture

The most appropriate suture material to close an enterotomy is

an absorbable monofilament material

When taking a digital radiograph of a canine with ascites, which action is most appropriate

Make no changes in exposure

After whelping, a bitch that produces a greenish-black vaginal discharge for 3-6 days has a/an

normal reaction

A veterinary technician is monitoring a dog recovering from an orchiectomy. Just after extubation, the dog begins to vocalize. After administering acepromazine, the vocalization stops. The vocalization was most likelydue to

emergence delirium

A client has a dog that is whelping, and the client is not sure if the dog should be brought to the clinic. Which of the following signs indicates the client should be advised to come in right away

There is no puppy after 30 minutes of active labor

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is primarily associated with

chronic diarrhea in cattle

Weaning from the positive pressure following controlled-ventilation anesthesia should be

gradual, to promote spontaneous breathing

Which of the following tranquilizers produces emesis in cats

Dexmedetomidine

Which of the following species is commonly taped to plexiglass for radiograph positioning

Bird

The complete destruction or removal of all microbial viability is

sterilization