Unit 9 - Globalization

green revolution

possible long-term response to hunger

- crossbreeding, genetic engineering, pesticides

pandemics

epidemic diseases that spread across national borders

medical innovations

antibiotics - agent used to cure bacterial infections

vaccines - used to prevent deadly diseases

epidemics

HIV/AIDS - weakens the immune system (1981-2014)

ebola - caused by a virus from exposure to fluids of infected people/animals

deforestation

loss of earth’s trees as a result of cutting them down for agricultural/industrial purposes

urbanization

increasing size + number of cities, caused by mass migration to larger cities

greenhouse gases

gases like CO2 that build up in the atmosphere that let I heat from the sun but doesn’t allow it to escape

greenbelt movement

movement to protect wilderness areas from urban growth. planted trees

economic liberalization + free markets

opening up of a country’s economy

economic system based on supply/demand with as little government control as possible

chinese economic reforms

deng xiaoping - reversed the actions of the communist party

japanese economic growth

implemented policies to increase exports and decrease imports

- negative effects towards low-wage workers

asian tigers

hong kong, singapore, south korea, and taiwan - followed japanese economic model

economic continuities: shifting manufacturing

manufacturing decreases in countries like the US, instead remaining in asia and latin america

transnational free-trade organizations

created to contribute to growth of global economy

ex. world trade organization (WTO): governed 90% of international trade

multinational corporations

legally incorporated into one country, but makes/sells goods and services to one o more other countries

ex. microsoft, google

universal declaration of human rights

by the UN - asserted basic rights and fundemental freedoms for all human beings

global feminism

worldwide movement for feminism, best demonstrated by the women’s March on Washington which spread globally

negritude movement

primarily in french west africa , emphasized pride in ‘blackness’, rejection of french colonial authority and right to self-determination

civil rights act

1965 - outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin

voting rights act

1965 - banned discrimination in voting

apartheid

south africa - enforced segregation of people based on race

nelson mandela

leader of the african national congress (ANC), imprisoned for life for challenging apartheid

pariah state

an undesireable state

TRC

truth and reconciliation commission - sought to restore and establish an atmosphere of trust in the new multiracial south africa

caste reservation in india

involved a system to reserve the castle system, providing opportunities for those towards the bottom of the caste system

minority rights in china

the calling of rights for smaller ethnic groups in china

ex. tibetans, mongolians

greenpeace

1971 - organization made to advocate for the environment

modernism

rejection of tradition in favor of experimentation and uncertainty

consumer culture

in which people focused more on what they bought and owned

online commerce

online shopping, turned shopping into a global affair

ex. amazon, alibaba

IMF

international monetary fund - worked to maximize profit

muhammad yunus

bangladeshi who won the nobel prize for peace

- rana plaza factory

economic resistance

critics of globalization destruction of small businesses

UN general assembly + security council

only UN body in which all members have representation

acts on issues the general assembly debates

the world bank

1944 - fought poverty by providing loans to countries