ANATOMY 1.1 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

what bones are in the axial skeleton?

skull, sternum, ribs

what bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

mandible, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, pelvic grade, sacral, coccygeal, clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, calcaneus, tarsals, metatarsals

what are the functions of the axial skeleton?

protection, attachment, support, movement

what are the functions of the appendicular skeleton

attachment, support, movement, to store minerals, produce red and white blood cells

what are the four types of bone?

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

what are examples of a long bone?

femur and humerus

what are examples of a short bone

carpals and tarsals

what are examples of a flat bone

ribs and cranium

what is an example of an irregular bone?

vertebrae

what is an example of a sesamoid bone?

patella

what does a long bone structure consist of?

epiphysis, spongy bone, articular cartilage, diaphysis, compact bone, bone marrow, marrow cavity, blood vessel and periosteum

superior

above or nearer to the head

inferior

below or further away from the head

proximal

closer to the center of the body

distal

further away from the center of the body

medial

closer to the midline of the body

lateral

away from the midline of the body

posterior

behind or nearer to the back

anterior

in front of the body

tendons

strong strips which attach muscles to bones

ligaments

strong bands that connect bones to bones at joints

cartilage

soft cushioning that covers the ends of bones and acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction

joints

the part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement

what are the three types of joints

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

fibrous joint movement

no movement

cartilaginous joint movement

limited movement

synovial joint movement

most common joint and freely moving that contain synovial fluid

features of a synovial joint

articular cartilage, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, meniscus, bursae

articular cartilage

thin line of hyaline cartilage that allows joint movement, protects from dislocation, reduces friction, absorbs shock, protects the bones

synovial fluid

liquid that coats and lubricates articular cartilage preventing friction

synovial membrane

lubricates the joint cavity reducing friction

meniscus

discs made out of fibrocartilage pads found between articulating bones, allow bones to fit together tightly and provide cushioning for joint

bursae

small fluid-filled sacs which prevent friction

list the different types of synovial joints

hinge, pivot, ball and socket, condyloid, saddle, gliding

hinge

flexion and extension eg elbow

pivot

rotation of one bone around another eg top of neck

ball and socket

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation eg shoulder joint

condyloid

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction eg wrist joint

saddle

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction eg thumb

gliding

gliding movements eg tarsal bones