Demography of aging

Demography of aging

Demography of aging

refers to the study of

the characteristics and trends of older

populations, typically focusing on those

aged 60 years old and above

Global aging

is the broader

aspect of demographic aging, it refers to the

worldwide trend of increasing life

expectancy and declining birth rates, leading

to a rise in the proportion of older adults in

the global population.

Increased Life Expectancy

Declining Fertility Rates

Aging Populations Worldwide

Rising Old-Age Dependency Ratios

Economic and Social Challenges

Features of Global Aging

Philippines

The __________ is a country that recognizes

the older persons as part of its human

resource and has the thirteenth-highest

population in the world.

1:186,839

the ratio of geriatricians to

elderlies is registered at

Article XV, section 4

“it is the duty of the

family to take care of its elderly members

while the state may design programs of

social security for them”

The Senior Citizens Act

The Republic Act 7432, also known as

______________ was enacted on

April 23, 1992, and amended in 2010 and

later in 2013. Under the said law, senior

citizens who are 60 years old and above are

entitled to various benefits and privileges

Demographic aging

characterized by an

increasing proportion of older adults in the

population, has profound implications on

health and nursing.

Specialized geriatric care

There will

be a growing need for healthcare

professionals with expertise in geriatrics to

address the specific health needs of older

adults, such as mobility, cognitive decline,

and frailty.

Comprehensive care

Nursing care for

older adults often requires a holistic

approach, focusing on physical, mental, and

social well-being rather than just disease

treatment

Aging family members

can have a

significant impact on the family both

negative and positive aspects of life.

emotional effects and financial effects

Impact of aging members in the family

Biologic

Psychologic

Sociologic

Moral/Spiritual

Aging Theories Category

Biologic theories of ageing

These theories view ageing as a molecular,

cellular, or a systematical process. It tells

about the deteriorating effects leading to a

depleted function of a person.

Error Theory

It is based on

the idea that errors can occur in the

transcription of the synthesis of DNA. These

errors are perpetuated and eventually lead to

systems that do not function at the optimal

level. The organism's aging and death are

attributable to these events (Sonneborn, J

979)

free radical theory

free radicals are byproducts of metabolism. When these

byproducts accumulate, they damage the cell

membrane, which decreases its efficiency,

The body produces antioxidants that

scavenge the free radicals (Hayflick, 1996).

Cross linkage theory

Hypothesizes that

with age some proteins become increasingly

cross-linked or enmeshed and may impede

metabolic processes by obstructing the

passage of nutrients and wastes between the

intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Programmed theory

Normal cells divide

a limited number of times; therefore it was

hypothesized that life expectancy was

preprogrammed (Hayflick, 1996)

Immunity theory

Changes occur in the

immune system, most specifically with the

T-lymphocytes, as a result of aging. These

changes leave the individual more

vulnerable to disease (Phipps, Sands, Marek,

1999).

Pacemaker theory

This examines the interrelated role

of the neurologic and endocrine systems

over the life-span of an individual.

Metabolic theory of aging/caloric restriction

This theory proposes that all

organisms have a limited metabolic lifetime

and that organisms with a higher metabolic

rate have a shorter lifespan. Extensive

experimentation on the effects of caloric

restriction on rodents has demonstrated that

caloric restriction increases the lifespan and

delays the onset of age-dependent diseases

(Hayflick, 1996; Schneider, 1992).

Telomere

it is a

region (located at the bottom part) of

repetitive DNA sequences at the end of the

chromosome. It protect the ends of

chromosomes from being frayed or tangled.

Each time a cell divides, the telomeres

become slightly shorter.

Human needs theory

Focuses on the fact

that human behavior is motivated by their

needs with age. Namely; physiological,

safety and security, love and belongingness,

self-esteem, and actualization.

Life-course theory

This theory divides life course into

predictable pattern of stages that are formed

according to goals, relationships and internal

values. This theory focuses on the

interconnectedness of individual and

society

Disengagement theory

Withdrawal may

be initiated by the ageing person or by

society, and may be partial or total. It was

observed that older people are less involved

with life than they were as younger adults.

As people age they experience greater

distance from society & they develop new

types of relationships with society.