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Demography of aging
refers to the study of
the characteristics and trends of older
populations, typically focusing on those
aged 60 years old and above
Global aging
is the broader
aspect of demographic aging, it refers to the
worldwide trend of increasing life
expectancy and declining birth rates, leading
to a rise in the proportion of older adults in
the global population.
Increased Life Expectancy
Declining Fertility Rates
Aging Populations Worldwide
Rising Old-Age Dependency Ratios
Economic and Social Challenges
Features of Global Aging
Philippines
The __________ is a country that recognizes
the older persons as part of its human
resource and has the thirteenth-highest
population in the world.
1:186,839
the ratio of geriatricians to
elderlies is registered at
Article XV, section 4
āit is the duty of the
family to take care of its elderly members
while the state may design programs of
social security for themā
The Senior Citizens Act
The Republic Act 7432, also known as
______________ was enacted on
April 23, 1992, and amended in 2010 and
later in 2013. Under the said law, senior
citizens who are 60 years old and above are
entitled to various benefits and privileges
Demographic aging
characterized by an
increasing proportion of older adults in the
population, has profound implications on
health and nursing.
Specialized geriatric care
There will
be a growing need for healthcare
professionals with expertise in geriatrics to
address the specific health needs of older
adults, such as mobility, cognitive decline,
and frailty.
Comprehensive care
Nursing care for
older adults often requires a holistic
approach, focusing on physical, mental, and
social well-being rather than just disease
treatment
Aging family members
can have a
significant impact on the family both
negative and positive aspects of life.
emotional effects and financial effects
Impact of aging members in the family
Biologic
Psychologic
Sociologic
Moral/Spiritual
Aging Theories Category
Biologic theories of ageing
These theories view ageing as a molecular,
cellular, or a systematical process. It tells
about the deteriorating effects leading to a
depleted function of a person.
Error Theory
It is based on
the idea that errors can occur in the
transcription of the synthesis of DNA. These
errors are perpetuated and eventually lead to
systems that do not function at the optimal
level. The organism's aging and death are
attributable to these events (Sonneborn, J
979)
free radical theory
free radicals are byproducts of metabolism. When these
byproducts accumulate, they damage the cell
membrane, which decreases its efficiency,
The body produces antioxidants that
scavenge the free radicals (Hayflick, 1996).
Cross linkage theory
Hypothesizes that
with age some proteins become increasingly
cross-linked or enmeshed and may impede
metabolic processes by obstructing the
passage of nutrients and wastes between the
intracellular and extracellular compartments.
Programmed theory
Normal cells divide
a limited number of times; therefore it was
hypothesized that life expectancy was
preprogrammed (Hayflick, 1996)
Immunity theory
Changes occur in the
immune system, most specifically with the
T-lymphocytes, as a result of aging. These
changes leave the individual more
vulnerable to disease (Phipps, Sands, Marek,
1999).
Pacemaker theory
This examines the interrelated role
of the neurologic and endocrine systems
over the life-span of an individual.
Metabolic theory of aging/caloric restriction
This theory proposes that all
organisms have a limited metabolic lifetime
and that organisms with a higher metabolic
rate have a shorter lifespan. Extensive
experimentation on the effects of caloric
restriction on rodents has demonstrated that
caloric restriction increases the lifespan and
delays the onset of age-dependent diseases
(Hayflick, 1996; Schneider, 1992).
Telomere
it is a
region (located at the bottom part) of
repetitive DNA sequences at the end of the
chromosome. It protect the ends of
chromosomes from being frayed or tangled.
Each time a cell divides, the telomeres
become slightly shorter.
Human needs theory
Focuses on the fact
that human behavior is motivated by their
needs with age. Namely; physiological,
safety and security, love and belongingness,
self-esteem, and actualization.
Life-course theory
This theory divides life course into
predictable pattern of stages that are formed
according to goals, relationships and internal
values. This theory focuses on the
interconnectedness of individual and
society
Disengagement theory
Withdrawal may
be initiated by the ageing person or by
society, and may be partial or total. It was
observed that older people are less involved
with life than they were as younger adults.
As people age they experience greater
distance from society & they develop new
types of relationships with society.