Organelles and Parts of Cells

Nucleus

Contains DNA

Surrounded by a double membrane

Genetic control center of cell

Nuclear Envelope

Pair of membranes enclosing the nucleus

Nuclear pores allows traffic of molecules in/out of nucleus

Nucleolus

Center of nucleus

Produces ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

System of interconnected channels

Rough ER

Covered with ribosomes

Continuous with outer membrane of nuclear envelope

Produces phospholipids and proteins of plasma membrane

Synthesizes proteins

Smooth ER

Lacks ribosomes

Synthesizes steroids and other lipids

Detoxifies alcohol/drugs

Manufactures nearly all membranes of the cell

Ribosomes

Found in the nucleoli, cytosol, mitochondria, and outer surfaces of rough er and nuclear envelope

Read mRNA and assemble amino acids into proteins

Golgi Complex

Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins and synthesizes carbohydrates

Golgi vesicles

Membrane-bounded vesicle pinched from the Golgi complex

Contains chemical products of Golgi complex

Stays in cell as lysosome or excreted via exocytosis

Lysosome

Contains a mixture of enzymes w/ a variety of roles in digesting foreign matter, pathogens, and expired organelles

ex) in the liver, lysosomes breakdown glycogen to release glucose into bloodstream

Peroxisome

Resemble lysosomes but contain different enzymes

Uses O2 to oxidize organic molecules