4.3 Different Types of Eukaryotic Cells

similarities between animal and plant cells

both have mitochondria, nucleus for storage of DNA, cytoskeleton, cell membrane, both have endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), Golgi apparatus and have ribosomes in cytoplasm

Plant cells

contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, cell walls for support, and large central vacuoles for storage.

plant cell wall

a rigid outer layer made of cellulose that provides structural support and protection.

plasmodesmata

are channels between plant cell walls that allow for communication and transport of substances between neighboring cells.

extracellular matrix

A material of heterogeneous composition surrounding cells and performing many functions, including adhesion of cells. Composed of 3 types of molecules - fibrous proteins like collagen, a matrix of glycoproteins (proteoglycans) and 3rd group of proteins linking fibrous and proteoglycan matrix together

extracellular matrix functions

holds cells together in tissues, contributes to physical properties of tissues, helps filter materials passing between different tissues, helps orient cell movements during embryonic development and during tissue repair, plays a role in chemical signaling between cells

mode of nutrition

Plant cells - chloroplasts provide nutrients

Animal cells - get nutrients from outside of cell

animal cells

has extracellular matrix, lysosomes that breakdown macromolecules and can have cilia and flagella